Abstract:Thin film sensors are used to monitor environmental conditions by measuring the physical parameters. By using thin film technology, the sensors are capable of conducting precise measurements. Moreover, the measurements are stable and dependable. Furthermore, inexpensive sensor devices can be produced. In this paper, thin film technology for the design and fabrication of sensors that are used in various applications is reviewed. Further, the applications of thin film sensors in the fields of biomedical, energy … Show more
“…However, for composites without sonication (Figure 7(b) and (d)) more agglomerated particles can be observed that would allow the formation of conductive network. 17,26 Figure 7.Cross-sectional optical microscopy images of 4.5 vol% filler in Ag-PU composite, obtained by four different procedures: (a) casting with sonication, (b) casting without sonication, (c) spin-coated with sonication, and (d) spin-coated without sonication.…”
This research investigates the electrical properties of micro silver polyurethane (Ag-PU) composite films with different degrees of agglomeration. Ag-PU composite films were prepared by adding micro silver particles (<3.5 μm) into the thermoplastic PU matrix using a solution mixing method, followed by spin-coating or casting techniques. For some composite preparation, the silver solution was shear-mixed in an ultrasonic bath before being added to the PU solution to obtain higher filler dispersion within the polymer matrix. This method produced several composite films with variable degrees of silver aggregation with concentrations from 0 to 14 vol%. All composites showed only electrical conductivity through thickness when compressed under pressure in a range from 0.5 to 20 kPa. Generally, the percolation threshold and conductivity values of the composite film prepared by spin-coating were lower than those of the casting composite. The maximum conductivity value found in these composites was about 2.45 S/m. All composites’ electrical performance was numerically simulated using the finite element analysis method based on the representative volume element model (FE-RVE) with Digimat software. A correlation was observed between the experiments and those simulations. A semi-analytical model was used to estimate the composite electrical parameters.
“…However, for composites without sonication (Figure 7(b) and (d)) more agglomerated particles can be observed that would allow the formation of conductive network. 17,26 Figure 7.Cross-sectional optical microscopy images of 4.5 vol% filler in Ag-PU composite, obtained by four different procedures: (a) casting with sonication, (b) casting without sonication, (c) spin-coated with sonication, and (d) spin-coated without sonication.…”
This research investigates the electrical properties of micro silver polyurethane (Ag-PU) composite films with different degrees of agglomeration. Ag-PU composite films were prepared by adding micro silver particles (<3.5 μm) into the thermoplastic PU matrix using a solution mixing method, followed by spin-coating or casting techniques. For some composite preparation, the silver solution was shear-mixed in an ultrasonic bath before being added to the PU solution to obtain higher filler dispersion within the polymer matrix. This method produced several composite films with variable degrees of silver aggregation with concentrations from 0 to 14 vol%. All composites showed only electrical conductivity through thickness when compressed under pressure in a range from 0.5 to 20 kPa. Generally, the percolation threshold and conductivity values of the composite film prepared by spin-coating were lower than those of the casting composite. The maximum conductivity value found in these composites was about 2.45 S/m. All composites’ electrical performance was numerically simulated using the finite element analysis method based on the representative volume element model (FE-RVE) with Digimat software. A correlation was observed between the experiments and those simulations. A semi-analytical model was used to estimate the composite electrical parameters.
“…At present, traditional sensors based on inorganic or metal materials in the market usually have excellent electrical properties, durability, and compatibility. However, due to their stiffness, brittleness, hydrophobicity, and weak tensile properties, traditional sensors are not suitable for wearable sensors used for human motion detection [ 2 , 3 ]. Three-dimensional conductive hydrogels with excellent flexibility have received considerable attention as emerging materials with substantial applications as electronic skins, flexible wearable devices, multifunctional sensors, and so on.…”
Nanocellulose-reinforced ionic conductive hydrogels were prepared using cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as raw materials, and the hydrogels were prepared in a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/water binary solvent by a one-pot method. The prepared hydrogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and sensing properties of the hydrogels were studied by means of a universal material testing machine and LCR digital bridge. The results show that the ionic conductive hydrogel exhibits high stretchability (elongation at break, 206%) and firmness (up to 335 KPa). The tensile fracture test shows that the hydrogel has good properties in terms of tensile strength, toughness, and elasticity. The hydrogel as a conductor medium is assembled into a self-powered strain sensor and the open-circuit voltage can reach 0.830 V. It shows good sensitivity in the bend sensing testing, indicating that the hydrogel has good sensing performance. The water retention and anti-freezing performance experiments show that the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide solvents can effectively improve the anti-freezing and water retention properties of hydrogels.
“…The generation of metallic nanoparticles, nanocrystals and films have been highly dynamic research areas due to their uses and developments for various applications, including imaging, sensing to catalysis. [1][2][3] Obtaining the desired metallic materials, free of contaminants, is essential for many applications. In that context, the use of organometallic or metallorganic precursors has shown to be advantageous.…”
The synthesis of well-defined materials as model systems for catalysis and related fields is an important pillar in the understanding of catalytic processes at a molecular level. Various approaches employing organometallic precursors have been developed and established to make monodispersed supported nanoparticles, nanocrystals, and films. Using rational design principles, a new family of precursors based on group 10 metals suitable for the generation of small and monodispersed nanoparticles on metal oxides has been developed. Particle formation on SiO2 and Al2O3 supports is demonstrated, as well as the potential in the synthesis of bimetallic catalyst materials exemplified with a PdGa/SiO2 system capable in the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. In addition to surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC), it is envisioned that these precursors could also be employed in related applications such as atomic layer deposition, due to their inherent volatility and relative thermal stability.
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