A review on the wettability of dental implant surfaces I: Theoretical and experimental aspects

Abstract

The surface wettability of biomaterials determines the biological cascade of events at the biomaterial/host interface. Wettability is modulated by surface characteristics, such as surface chemistry and surface topography. However, the design of current implant surfaces focuses mainly on specific micro- and nanotopographical features and is still far from predicting the concomitant wetting behavior. There is an increasing interest in understanding the wetting mechanisms of implant surfaces and the role of wettability on the biological response at the implant/bone or implant/soft tissue interface. Fundamental knowledge related to the influence of surface roughness (i.e., a quantification of surface topography) on titanium and titanium alloy surface wettability, and the different associated wetting regimes, can improve our understanding of the role of wettability of rough implant surfaces on the biological outcome. Such an approach has been applied to biomaterial surfaces only in a limited way. Focusing on titanium dental and orthopaedic implants, the present study reviews the current knowledge on the wettability of biomaterial surfaces, encompassing basic and applied aspects that include measurement techniques, thermodynamic aspects of wetting, and models predicting topographical and roughness effects on the wetting behavior.

Bioactive treatment promotes osteoblast differentiation on titanium materials fabricated by selective laser melting technology

“…The superposition of nanoscale structures (pore diameter ranged between 20 nm and 180 nm) on a microrough surface (Sa=2.20) has been reported to provide the original surface with additional benefits including the enhancement of osteogenic gene expression 46) and modification of the expression profile of integrin subunits 47) of osteoblasts. Wettability has also been identified as an important factor affecting the control of osteogenic cell differentiation 48,49) . However, it is usually difficult to evaluate the specific contribution of wettability because wettability is strongly affected by the surface roughness and chemistry.…”

Tratamento de superfície em implantes dentários: uma revisão de literatura

“…Nessa nova técnica, a superfície é hidroxilada, e essa mudança química melhora as estruturas superficiais, que são ideais para a adsorção de proteínas e para promover a intenção imediata do implante no tecido ósseo. A superfície SLActive foi desenvolvida para otimizar a estabilidade do implante em menor tempo e diminuir os riscos do tratamento nas fases iniciais 26 .…”

“…Com o aumento dessa camada de óxido de titânio e a adição de outros elementos, como fosfato (PO 4 ), potencializa-se a osseointegração 20 . A resistência à corrosão e a biocompatibilidade estão relacionadas à presença de uma camada de óxido não reativo, o que impede a formação de tecido fibroso em volta do implante e cria um contato direto com o tecido ósseo 23,26 . Os implantes com esse tratamento de superfí-cie são menos dependentes de composição química, pois o processo resultante se define por um aumento complementar do contato osso-implante 19 .…”

Generalized Young Equation for Cylindrical Droplets within a Homogeneous and Smooth Regular Triangular Prism Filled with Gas in Three Convex Corners

“…Wetting is one of the most important behaviors of solid surfaces and plays a critical role in daily lives and industrial applications, such as self-cleaning windows and antifouling surfaces (Li & Amirfazli, 2005;Ebert & Bhushan, 2012;Li et al, 2010), nanofluids (Balakin et al, 2015), carbon nanotubes (Ghadyani & Öchsne, 2015), biomaterials (Rupp et al, 2014), and evaporation (Li et al, 2014). The Wettability of a solid by a liquid may be represented by using the contact angle between the gas-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces.…”