A review on the upgradation techniques of pyrolysis oil

Gollakota, Anjani R.K.; Reddy, M. Veera Prasad; Subramanyam, Malladi D.; Kishore, Nanda

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.180

Cited by 316 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 244 publications

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“…Bio‐oil, a liquid fuel derived from fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, is one of the most promising renewable fuels to replace fossil fuels. It is crucial to upgrade bio‐oil to accomplish this goal . The main challenge is the poor properties of bio‐oil caused by high concentrations of phenolic compounds, which are produced during the process of lignin pyrolysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of highly phenol substituted bio‐oil–phenol–formaldehyde adhesives with enhanced bonding performance using furfural as crosslinking agent

Cheng

Sui

Liu

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Highly phenol substituted bio‐oil–phenol–formaldehyde (BPF) adhesives were prepared via the phenolization‐copolymerization method, in which furfural was used as a novel crosslinking agent to improve the bonding performance. The effects of bio‐oil percentage, furfural content, curing temperature, and pressure on the performance of BPF adhesives have been studied in detail. A BPF adhesive with 75% bio‐oil percentage and 15% furfural loading (named 75BPF_15) was synthesized, which was cured at 180 °C and 4 MPa. Compared to the conventional phenol–formaldehyde adhesive, the wet tensile strength of 75BPF_15 adhesive reached 2.84 MPa, which was significantly higher than the 1.54 MPa of PF. A possible mechanism of BPF adhesives crosslinked with furfural is proposed. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46995.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of highly phenol substituted bio‐oil–phenol–formaldehyde adhesives with enhanced bonding performance using furfural as crosslinking agent

Cheng

Sui

Liu

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The utilization of renewable energy resources, for instance, tidal energy, wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, biomass, etc. are in practice and aiding the energy demand to some extent . But another concern swoops in is regarding the sustainability of carbon element which can be utilised in the production of transportation fuel or platform chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But another concern swoops in is regarding the sustainability of carbon element which can be utilised in the production of transportation fuel or platform chemicals. Undoubtedly, out of all renewable energy resources, only biomass provides the sustainable carbon . Further about the biomass requirement, the lignocellulosic biomass, for instance, agricultural wastes, municipal wastes, forestry wastes, energy crops, etc., is easily available and inexpensive in most of the countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Benzene from 2‐Hydroxybenzaldehyde by Various Reaction Paths using IRC Calculations within a DFT framework

Verma

Kishore

2017

ChemistrySelect

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The bio‐oil produced from pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass comprises of several oxy‐catalogues such as acids, alcohols, aldehydes, furans, phenols, etc. The oxy‐functionals in the bio‐oils vitiate the quality of bio‐oil, therefore, the unprocessed bio‐oils cannot be used directly to transportation vehicles. In this work, 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde (2‐HB) has been taken as bio‐oil model component and carried out seven reaction pathways to produce benzene and other important intermediate products such as phenol, benzaldehyde, etc. The first reaction pathway is about the cleavage of formyl group of 2‐HB followed by single step hydrogenation reaction to produce phenol which further produces benzene component. The reaction pathway 2 is the hydrogen migration reaction followed by cleavage of formyl group and the reaction pathway 3 is decarbonylation reaction of 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde to produce phenol component. The reaction pathway 4 is single atom hydrogenation at the aromatic carbon of Caromatic‐CHO sigma bond followed by the removal of formyl group to produce phenol. Similarly, the reaction pathway 5 starts with a single atom hydrogenation at the aromatic carbon of Caromatic‐OH sigma bond followed by hydroxyl group removal to produce benzaldehyde component. The reaction pathway 6 is the dehydrogenation reaction of formyl group followed by CO removal and a single step hydrogenation to produce phenol. The reaction pathway 7 directly cleaves the hydroxyl functional followed by hydrogenation reaction to produce benzaldehyde which further follows two sub‐pathways to produce benzene. The direct cleavages of hydroxyl and formyl functionals are not favourable as they require very high amount of energetics. Instead, the single atom hydrogenation to the aromatic carbon of Caromatic‐X (X=•OH or •CHO) followed by the oxy‐functional removal is found to be favourable reaction pathway.

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“…6 The utilization of bio-oil has become a thorny issue. Bio-oil reforming to produce hydrogen or syngas would be a promising way, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] which is because hydrogen is a clean and high-grade energy, and the use of hydrogen does not pollute the environment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bio-oil reforming to produce hydrogen has rapidly been developed in recent years. The researches were mainly focused on steam reforming [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and CO 2 reforming (dry reforming). [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] The nickel-based catalyst is usually used in the reforming process, but it is very easy to deactivate for the carbon deposit on the Ni-based catalyst 12,17,19,28,29 or the sintered of the active center.…”

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confidence: 99%

Research of the combined reforming of bio‐oil model compound for hydrogen production

Peng

Huang

et al. 2019

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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The combination of steam and CO2 reforming of bio‐oil is proposed in this article. The combined reforming can make good use of the advantages of steam reforming and CO2 reforming. The results indicate that H2 yield, potential H2 yield, and H2/CO were 60.23, 81.97, and 2.77%, respectively, at the condition of 700°C and bio‐oil:CO2:H2O = 1:0.5:1.5. Bio‐oil:CO2:H2O has a significant effect on the H2 yield, potential H2 yield, and H2/CO in the process of combined reforming. A different ratio of H2/CO can be obtained by adjusting the proportion of bio‐oil:CO2:H2O, which can meet different industry requirements. The results of X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analyses indicate that the catalyst deactivation was the result of a combination of carbon deposition and Ni grain sintering, and the carbon deposition was a main reason for the catalyst deactivation.

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A review on the upgradation techniques of pyrolysis oil

Cited by 316 publications

References 244 publications

Preparation of highly phenol substituted bio‐oil–phenol–formaldehyde adhesives with enhanced bonding performance using furfural as crosslinking agent

Preparation of highly phenol substituted bio‐oil–phenol–formaldehyde adhesives with enhanced bonding performance using furfural as crosslinking agent

Production of Benzene from 2‐Hydroxybenzaldehyde by Various Reaction Paths using IRC Calculations within a DFT framework

Research of the combined reforming of bio‐oil model compound for hydrogen production

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