A Review on the Synthesis and Modification of Functional Inorganic‐Organic‐Hybrid Materials via Microwave‐Assisted Method

Abstract

The microwave-assisted method is an appropriate route; to overcome the energy barrier for stabilizing perovskite structured based inorganic-organic-hybrid materials. The motivation for using the microwave-assisted method in material science as an effective heating technique results from improvement in the topochemical modification of layered perovskite oxides. The microwave-assisted method causes a fall in time duration from days to hours/minutes and produces good quality products with high crystallinity. Inorganic-organic-hybrids can be derived easily by the stepwise modification of layered perovskites. These modification techniques involve proton exchange, grafting, intercalation, and exfoliation steps. The microwave synthesized inorganic-organic-hybrid materials are in high demand due to their various interesting properties, potential catalytic, optical, composite, magnetic, and electronic, making them useful for technological applications.

Hybrid Materials: A Metareview

“…In this sense, sol–gel synthesis, developed in 1930s, has become one of the major research lines in the broad field of hybrid materials synthesis. ,,− Organic molecules or monomers embedded in sol–gel matrices are common examples that could present a large diversity in their structures and final properties leading to many multifunctional materials. Polymers filled with inorganic clusters, organogels, and biological-based hybrid materials are other extended examples of class I hybrids. ,,,,,,− ,− In the case of Class II hybrid materials, covalent or ion-covalent bonds are present between the organic and inorganic phases. , In this sense, the grafting methodology, appears as a common strategy to form class II hybrid materials. ,,,,,,− This method, sometimes applied as a postsynthetic step, normally implies the attachment of functional organic molecules on the surface of inorganic moieties (type I–O), such as silica, titania, other metal oxides, and/or carbon surfaces. ,,, Sol–gel is again one of the most used as a suitable methodology for the preparation of this class of materials, with the development of hybrid materials from polyfunctional alkoxysilanes a typical example for obtaining a wide range of functional materials due to their high versatility. − However, electrochemical grafting using aryl diazonium salts is the most used in the case of carbonaceous matrices. This method is based on the electrochemical reduction of diazonium salts, which decompose into radicals and nitrogen gas, giving a direct C–C bond. , Other typical methods commonly used to prepare type II hybrid materials are self-assembly synthesis, ,, template-assisted synthesis, ,, hydrothermal, ,,,…”

“… 13 , 14 , 43 , 44 , 53 , 58 , 61 − 64 This method, sometimes applied as a postsynthetic step, normally implies the attachment of functional organic molecules on the surface of inorganic moieties (type I–O), such as silica, titania, other metal oxides, and/or carbon surfaces. 3 , 23 , 65 , 66 Sol–gel is again one of the most used as a suitable methodology for the preparation of this class of materials, with the development of hybrid materials from polyfunctional alkoxysilanes a typical example for obtaining a wide range of functional materials due to their high versatility. 67 − 69 However, electrochemical grafting using aryl diazonium salts is the most used in the case of carbonaceous matrices.…”

MoS2 nanoflower-decorated lignin nanoparticles for superior lubricant properties

“…Combining inorganic and organic materials is often used as an approach to generate hybrids with enhanced chemical and/or physical properties. 13,[22][23][24][25] These hybrids find a wide range of applications in a varied number of sectors, including energy production, medicine and wastewater treatment. For example, lignin-functionalized ZrO 2 and SiO 2 have been used for removing C.I.…”