A review on the solar applications of thermosyphons

Oberoi

Intl J of Energy Research

2021

Summary This paper addresses the effects of critical parameters that affect the performance and lifespan of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Amongst all, control of excess water content and dehydration in PEM fuel cells is the major issue under various operating conditions. Therefore, their effects on cathode, anode, gas diffusion layer (GDL), catalyst layer (CL), and flow channels are summarized in the initial part of this paper. Various active cooling strategies such as air cooling, liquid cooling, and phase change method to extract the waste heat from the stack are represented. The lateral part of this paper throws light on the role of heat pipes, working fluid, and the effect of the addition of nanofluid with pertinent filling ratio (FR) in cooling of PEM fuel cells. This work is intended to aid the selection of cooling methods for PEM fuel cells through the consideration of the variety of affecting parameters preceding major expenditure for wide‐scale production. In future, cost comparison associated with the cooling techniques of the fuel cell would be evaluated.

Section: Thermal Management Of Pem Fuel Cells and Gaps In Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing the performance of PEM fuel cells: A review on performance parameters, water management, and cooling techniques

Oberoi

Intl J of Energy Research

2021

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

“…Renewable energies consist of a wide range of energy sources including solar, wind, water, geothermal and biomass (Nazari et al 2018;Ahmadi et al 2018b;Alizadeh et al 2018;Ramezanizadeh et al 2018b). In this paper, wind, solar and biomass energies were used based on the available potential in the region.…”

Section: Renewable Energy Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of biogas utilization effect on the economic efficiency and greenhouse gas emission: a case study in Isfahan, Iran

Ariae¹,

Jahangiri

Fakhr

et al. 2019

Biomass is a type of renewable energy that, in despite of its potentials and advantages including simple production technology, decreasing environmental issues, and energy generation capacity at the consumption site, has not been sufficiently utilized in Iran. Since, due to statistics, Isfahan enjoys remarkable prospects in terms of wind, solar and biomass energies, a combined system of indigenous energy sources for powering a cattle farm has been investigated and evaluated in this study. To evaluate the possibility of the optimal system for comparative reasons, the HOMER software was used. The designed hybrid system was a wind-solar-biomass generator that used a battery saver as backup. Although it seems that wind and solar energies have the highest potential for energy generation in Isfahan, the results showed that biomass, by itself, can provide the required power for a cattle farm. In fact, biomass energy was more economically efficient than wind and solar energies. Owing to the low electricity cost, generated from fossil fuels, in Iran, relative to a large number of countries, the findings revealed that using biomass for generating the electricity of a cattle farm will compensate the expenses by the mid-15th year and will generate profit for 9.5 years later. The results also showed that the solar cell-based hybrid system is cheaper than the wind turbine-based one. Regarding the price of per kWh of electricity produced, the results showed that the biomass generator system with the price 0.12 $/kWh is the cheapest, and the solar cell-based and wind turbine-based hybrid systems are 3.33% and 10.83% more expensive, respectively. The results can be used for electricity generation with minimum pollution and expenses in the same regions. ©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

“…The solar plant optimization of large‐scale has already been widely studied and presented . Notably, a reference book deals essentially with the handling of the solar intensity fluctuations on an automatism point of view, on the basis of constant output temperature for the control of large‐scale steam turbines, with or without thermal storage. Since then, it has been shown, by the use of exergy approach that constant output temperature is not optimal, either for steam plants or other plants .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steady state operation exergy‐based optimization for solar thermal collectors

Grosu

Mathieu

Rochelle

et al. 2019

In this investigation, exergy-based optimization was carried out on two configurations of solar thermal collectors. A set of control sensors were utilized to control the performance of the system and monitor the design variables, that is, inlet and outlet temperature of the solar fluid, ambient temperature, incident solar flux, and required mechanical and electrical work in the system. The fluid temperature was considered to vary in the range of 120-180 C with respect to technical and economic considerations. The collector surface area was considered 606 m 2 in both configurations, and a medium solar incident was considered about 520 W/m 2 . The maximum acceptable temperature difference is obtained as function of the input temperature. The technical limitation is plotted for both configurations of solar collectors. It was noticed that the exergy flow of simple evacuated tubes can reach the maximum value when the input temperature is greater than 115 C for an incident solar flow, from 250 W/m 2 up to the limit of 950 W/m 2 . Exergy analysis demonstrated that more control is required on the temperature control to obtain the optimum performance of the solar collector. Thus, applying exergy optimization approach can be very useful to guide control system, the maximum outlet temperature being a key variable on the performance of the collectors.