A Review on the Separation of Niobium and Tantalum by Solvent Extraction

Nguyen, Thi Hong; Lee, Man Seung

doi:10.1080/08827508.2018.1526794

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The majority of the works were dedicated to the application of inert solvents for the extraction and separation of Nb(V) and Ta(V) from acid media containing HF, where the selective extraction of Ta(V)/Nb(V) was achieved by controlling the concentration of HF and the concentration of mineral acids and the concentration of metals [22][23][24]. Solvents such as: tributylphosphate (C 4 H 9 ) 3 PO 4 (TBP), n-octyl alcohol C 8 H 18 O (OCL), and methyl isobutyl ketone C 6 H 12 O (MIBK) [22,25] have been applied for separation and purification of Nb(V) and Ta(V) from HF solutions in the presence of H 2 SO 4 or HCl, whereas no commercial application was reported for amines [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent-Impregnated Sorbents for Tantalum from Niobium Separation Using a Fixed-Bed Column

et al. 2022

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Reactor-grade niobium steel is used as a construction material for nuclear reactors. In this case, the presence of tantalum, which is characterized by a 20 times higher active cross section for capturing thermal neutrons than the cross section of niobium (181Ta: 21.3 barn), cannot exceed 100 ppm. Analytical methods for quality and new separation method development control need very pure niobium matrices—niobium compounds with a low tantalum content, which are crucial for preparing matrix reference solutions or certified reference materials (CRMs). Therefore, in this paper, a new, efficient method for separating trace amounts of Ta(V) from Nb(V) using extraction chromatography with the use of sorbents impregnated with methyl isobutyl ketone MIBK solvent is proposed. Various types of MIBK-impregnated sorbents were used (AG® 1-X8 Anion Exchange Resin, AMBERLITE™ IRC120 Na Ion Exchange Resin, SERVACEL® Cellulose Anion Exchangers DEAE 52, active carbons of various grain size, carbonized blackcurrant pomace, carbonized chokeberry pomace, bentonite, and polyurethane foam in lumps). The highest tantalum removal efficiency was determined using active coal-based materials (>97%). The separation effectivity of tantalum from niobium was also determined in dynamic studies using a fixed-bed column with MIBK-impregnated active carbon. Solutions of various Nb:Ta weight ratios (1:1, 100:1, 1000:1) were used. The most impressive result was obtaining 70 mL of high purity niobium solution of tantalum content 0.027 ppm (in relation to Nb) with 88.4% yield of niobium from a solution of Nb:Ta, weight ratio 1000:1 (purge factor equaled 35,000). It proves the presented system to be applicable for preparation of pure niobium compounds with very low contents of tantalum.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent-Impregnated Sorbents for Tantalum from Niobium Separation Using a Fixed-Bed Column

et al. 2022

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“…Also, most Nb-Ta ores were dissolved with concentrated HF (Rodriguez et al, 2007. The mainly frequently procedures used for separating Zr and Nb dissolved species are extraction utilizing organic compounds such as tributyl phosphate and methyl isobutyl ketone (Sadigzadeh et al, 2009;Xu et al, 2014;Nguyen and Lee, 2019). In order to extract Zr, extreme processes like alkaline breakdown have to be applied upon zircon mineral (Zolfonoun, et al, 2010;Nel et al, 2011;Amalia and Nugraha, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and chemical processes of Abu Rusheid cataclastic rocks for recovering niobium, zirconium, and uranium compounds

Abdellah¹,

Khalafalla²,

Khoziem³

et al. 2021

Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process.

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Cataclastic rocks of Abu Rushied area (South Eastern Desert, Egypt) characterized by the presence of niobium, tantalum, zirconium minerals as well as uranium-thorium minerals. Physical upgrading process was applied using gravity and magnetic separation techniques to concentrate these economic minerals mainly to obtain the magnetic niobium concentrate at 0.2-0.5 ampere, beside the non-magnetic Zr and U at 1.5 ampere. The chemical processing upon niobium concentrate was performed using NH4F roasting process at 250ºC followed by selective precipitation of Nb as Nb-sulfide. An alkaline fusion using NaOH was applied upon zirconium concentrate at the optimum conditions of: zircon concentrate/ NaOH mass ratio 1/2, fusion temperature of 650ºC and 2.5h fusion time followed by selective precipitation of Zr as Zr-tartrate. Finally, two flowsheets were drawn summarizing the whole recovery processes.

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“…The status of tantalum as a metal derived from a conflict mineral [7], combined with its low abundance in the earth's upper crust means there is a need to design a sustainable closed-loop process to recycle tantalum from waste capacitors. Due to its very low solubility in typical mineral acids such as HCl, H 2 SO 4 , and HNO 3 compared with other d-block elements, current hydrometallurgical processes for tantalum involve the use of highly corrosive and toxic solutions of concentrated HF, combined with H 2 SO 4 [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequent back extraction (stripping) of the metalate into a fresh aqueous phase is possible with water or dilute HCl. [8][9][10][11]. As such, it is evident that there is a need to develop more sustainable processes which can not only efficiently recycle tantalum from secondary sources but do so using milder reagents [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tantalum Recycling by Solvent Extraction: Chloride Is Better than Fluoride

Kinsman

Crevecoeur

Singh-Morgan

et al. 2020

Metals

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The recycling of tantalum (Ta) is becoming increasingly important due to the criticality of its supply from a conflict mineral. It is used extensively in modern electronics, such as in capacitors, and so electronic waste is a potentially valuable secondary source of this metal. However, the recycling of Ta is difficult, not least because of the challenges of its leaching and subsequent separation from other metals. In this work, we show that Ta(V) halides, such as TaCl5 and TaF5, which can potentially be accessed from Ta metal upon acid halide leaching, can be recovered by solvent extraction using a simple primary amide reagent. The need for high halide concentrations in the aqueous phase implies the formation of the hexahalide salts [TaX6]− (X = F, Cl) and that an anion-swing mechanism operates. While extraction of the fluorides is poor (up to 45%), excellent extraction under chloride conditions is found (>99%) and presents an alternative route to Ta recycling.

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A Review on the Separation of Niobium and Tantalum by Solvent Extraction

Cited by 32 publications

References 57 publications

Solvent-Impregnated Sorbents for Tantalum from Niobium Separation Using a Fixed-Bed Column

Solvent-Impregnated Sorbents for Tantalum from Niobium Separation Using a Fixed-Bed Column

Physical and chemical processes of Abu Rusheid cataclastic rocks for recovering niobium, zirconium, and uranium compounds

Tantalum Recycling by Solvent Extraction: Chloride Is Better than Fluoride

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