A Review on the Role of Nutraceuticals as Simple as Se2+ to Complex Organic Molecules Such as Glycyrrhizin That Prevent as Well as Cure Diseases

Jose, Regi; Sajitha, G R; Augusti, K. T.

doi:10.1007/s12291-013-0362-8

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Many of these altered cell signaling pathways can be reversed and restored to a normal state by chemopreventive compounds such as flavonoids. Different mechanisms of flavonoids acting as carcinopreventive agents have been described [ 179 , 180 , 181 , 182 , 183 ]. Polyphenols can modulate the action either of proteins in charge of their extracellular export and of enzymes that detoxify carcinogens [ 183 ], such as the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (for example, several anthocyanin) [ 16 ].…”

Section: Wine Flavonoids In Health and Disease Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different mechanisms of flavonoids acting as carcinopreventive agents have been described [ 179 , 180 , 181 , 182 , 183 ]. Polyphenols can modulate the action either of proteins in charge of their extracellular export and of enzymes that detoxify carcinogens [ 183 ], such as the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (for example, several anthocyanin) [ 16 ]. Zell and colleagues found that regular wine consumption had favorable effects in colorectal cancer cases not only on disease stage at presentation but also for survival [ 184 ].…”

Section: Wine Flavonoids In Health and Disease Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wine Flavonoids in Health and Disease Prevention

et al. 2017

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Wine, and particularly red wine, is a beverage with a great chemical complexity that is in continuous evolution. Chemically, wine is a hydroalcoholic solution (~78% water) that comprises a wide variety of chemical components, including aldehydes, esters, ketones, lipids, minerals, organic acids, phenolics, soluble proteins, sugars and vitamins. Flavonoids constitute a major group of polyphenolic compounds which are directly associated with the organoleptic and health-promoting properties of red wine. However, due to the insufficient epidemiological and in vivo evidences on this subject, the presence of a high number of variables such as human age, metabolism, the presence of alcohol, the complex wine chemistry, and the wide array of in vivo biological effects of these compounds suggest that only cautious conclusions may be drawn from studies focusing on the direct effect of wine and any specific health issue. Nevertheless, there are several reports on the health protective properties of wine phenolics for several diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, some cancers, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, allergies and osteoporosis. The different interactions that wine flavonoids may have with key biological targets are crucial for some of these health-promoting effects. The interaction between some wine flavonoids and some specific enzymes are one example. The way wine flavonoids may be absorbed and metabolized could interfere with their bioavailability and therefore in their health-promoting effect. Hence, some reports have focused on flavonoids absorption, metabolism, microbiota effect and overall on flavonoids bioavailability. This review summarizes some of these major issues which are directly related to the potential health-promoting effects of wine flavonoids. Reports related to flavonoids and health highlight some relevant scientific information. However, there is still a gap between the knowledge of wine flavonoids bioavailability and their health-promoting effects. More in vivo results as well as studies focused on flavonoid metabolites are still required. Moreover, it is also necessary to better understand how biological interactions (with microbiota and cells, enzymes or general biological systems) could interfere with flavonoid bioavailability.

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Section: Wine Flavonoids In Health and Disease Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wine Flavonoids In Health and Disease Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wine Flavonoids in Health and Disease Prevention

et al. 2017

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“…15 Glycyrrhizin possesses anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging, anti-oxidation, immune regulation, and cytochrome enzyme protection effects. 15 Our previously published results found that administration of glycyrrhizin in the basolateral amygdala prevented the development of a single long-term stress-induced fear-regression disorder, suggesting that glycyrrhizin has an antagonistic effect on PTSD. 16 However, its specific molecular mechanism requires further research, which is the starting point of the present study.…”

Section: Glycyrrhizinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glycyrrhizin is a triterpenoid active ingredient extracted from the roots and stems of the medicinal plant licorice . Glycyrrhizin has the characteristics of high sweetness, low calorie, safe and non‐toxic . Glycyrrhizin possesses anti‐inflammatory, free radical scavenging, anti‐oxidation, immune regulation, and cytochrome enzyme protection effects .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycyrrhizin treatment ameliorates post‐traumatic stress disorder‐like behaviours and restores circadian oscillation of intracranial serotonin

Lai

Shi

Jiang

et al. 2019

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has become a major disease that threatens human health. Neurotransmitters and the amygdala are found to be critical in the development and maintenance of PTSD. We aim to investigate the role of glycyrrhizin in treating PTSD. Contextual fear extinction and elevated plus maze test were applied to evaluate the anxiety and fear memory. Microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to analyze the expression of amygdala neurotransmitters in PTSD animal models and to verify the effects of glycyrrhizin on major neurotransmitters. The protein levels of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) were examined by western bolt. Glycyrrhizin treatment significantly reduced anxiety and fear memory after 1 and 7 days of PTSD modelling. In addition, glycyrrhizin treatment restored the circadian rhythm changes of serotonin and TPH2. The present study found a significant circadian rhythm change of serotonin in the amygdala in PTSD rats. Besides, glycyrrhizin treatment restored the altered serotonin diurnal fluctuations, which raises important implications for PTSD treatment.

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“…1), which consists of glucuronic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid (9). A prior study has indicated that glycyrrhizin is one of the most effective ingredients of liquorice, which has anti-ulcer, anti-allergic, anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-viral and anti-cancer effects (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of glycyrrhizin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced oxidative stress, inducible nitric oxide synthase and inflammatory reactions through high-mobility group box 1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase expression

Cai

Wang

et al. 2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Glycyrrhizin, which is a type of perennial leguminous caudex, has been used in various Asian countries, including P.R. China, India and Japan, for thousands of years. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of glycyrrhizin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through oxidative stress, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and inflammatory reactions via high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: Sham; myocardial I/R injury + non-treated; myocardial I/R injury + 2 mg/kg glycyrrhizin; myocardial I/R injury + 4 mg/kg glycyrrhizin; and myocardial I/R injury + 10 mg/kg glycyrrhizin. Pre-treatment with glycyrrhizin significantly reduced infarct size and inhibited creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase and cardiac troponin T activities in rats with myocardial I/R injury. Furthermore, glycyrrhizin treatment significantly suppressed oxidative stress, iNOS protein expression and inflammatory reactions in rats with myocardial I/R injury. Additionally, treatment with glycyrrhizin significantly decreased the release of HMGB1 from the cerebral cortex into the serum in rats with myocardial I/R injury. Notably, glycyrrhizin significantly suppressed p-ERK, p-p38 MAPK and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase protein expressions, and promoted extracellular signal-regulated kinase protein expression in rats with myocardial I/R injury. Collectively, the present study indicates that the protective effect of glycyrrhizin may reduce myocardial I/R injury through oxidative stress, iNOS and inflammatory reactions, via HMGB1 and MAPK expression.

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A Review on the Role of Nutraceuticals as Simple as Se2+ to Complex Organic Molecules Such as Glycyrrhizin That Prevent as Well as Cure Diseases

Abstract: Nutraceuticals are nutritional medicines which are present in edible food items.

Cited by 8 publications

References 79 publications

Wine Flavonoids in Health and Disease Prevention

Wine Flavonoids in Health and Disease Prevention

Glycyrrhizin treatment ameliorates post‐traumatic stress disorder‐like behaviours and restores circadian oscillation of intracranial serotonin

Protective effect of glycyrrhizin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced oxidative stress, inducible nitric oxide synthase and inflammatory reactions through high-mobility group box 1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase expression

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