A Review on the Role of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) in the Treatment and Understanding of Psoriasis

Sunil, Amreen; Shaheed, Gurneet; Reddy, Akshay J; Nawathey, Neel; Brahmbhatt, Hetal

doi:10.7759/cureus.16424

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The clams that would have a greater feeding rate would be able to filter more food from the environment, leading to an increased rate of survivability in their environment. The mechanism of filter feeding mainly depends on the spacing of the gills in the clams [8,[11][12][13][14][15]. The two main sources of food for C. Fluminea in this experiment were algae and E. coli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

A Biological Analysis on the Invasiveness of the Corbicula Fluminea

Yeddula¹,

Reddy²,

Liu³

et al. 2021

Appl Cell Biol

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Corbicula fluminea is an invasive species that has been observed to outcompete the native clams at the American River located near Sacramento in the Central Valley in California. We hypothesized that C. Fluminea has advantages exhibited physically including utilization of filter-feeding methods and relative spacing of its cirri as compared to the native American River clams. To investigate what makes the species so successful, we tested C. Fluminea versus the native clams in algal and E.coli environments to predict the relative advantage of a filter feeder. In addition, we used computer programs to digitally analyze the spacing between the actual cirri, which help bivalves capture food particles, of the two species. The findings pointed towards C. Fluminea’s inherent advantage in both physical and genetic traits over the native clams species which allowed it to flourish and successfully invade the American River ecosystem. However, the species’ genetic findings are found through DNA analysis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

A Biological Analysis on the Invasiveness of the Corbicula Fluminea

Yeddula¹,

Reddy²,

Liu³

et al. 2021

Appl Cell Biol

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“…In this investigation, the authors attempt to develop an AI software that can be utilized to diagnose cases where patients have exudative or non-exudative macular degeneration in either their left eye, their right eye, or both eyes. Our investigation builds upon previous studies that have demonstrated how AI software can accurately diagnose macular degeneration within a patient [15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Clinical Wide-Field Retinal Image Deep Learning Classification of Exudative and Non-Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Tak¹,

Reddy²,

Martel³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease that currently affects approximately 196 million individuals and is projected to affect 288 million in 2040. As a result, better and earlier detection methods for this disease are needed in an effort to provide a higher quality of care. One way to achieve this is through the utilization of machine learning. A deep neural network, specifically a convoluted neural network (CNN) can be trained to differentiate between different types of AMD images given the proper training data.Methods: In this study, a CNN was trained on 420 Optos wide-field retinal images for 70 epochs in order to classify between exudative and non-exudative AMD. These images were obtained and labeled by ophthalmologists from the Martel Eye Clinic in Rancho Cordova, CA.Results: After completing the study, a model was created with 88% accuracy. Both the training and validation loss started above 1 and ended below 0.2. Despite only analyzing a single image at a time, the model was still able to accurately identify if the individual had AMD in both eyes or one eye only. The model had the most trouble with bilateral non-exudative AMD. Overall the model was fairly accurate in the other categories. It was noted that the neural network was able to further differentiate from a single image if the disease is present in left, right, or both eyes. This is a point of contention for further investigation as it is impossible for the artificial intelligence (AI) to extrapolate the condition of both eyes from only one image.Conclusion: This research fostered the development of a CNN that was able to differentiate between exudative and non-exudative AMD. As well as determine if the disease is present in the right, left, or both eyes with a relatively high degree of accuracy. The model was trained on clinical data and can theoretically be used to classify other clinical images it has never encountered before.

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“…Despite all the progress that has been made in the efforts to understand OIH so far, further research is still required in order to develop a more permanent treatment for those who suffer from this condition and are far beyond the threshold for naltrexone co-treatment. Perhaps other medications that break down the production of beta-lipoproteins, such as the metal-chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), could be used in stabilizing and analyzing nociceptive and μ-opioid receptors for more novel treatment options [27]. Additionally, more research should be conducted to determine the side effects of naltrexone so that patients can make a more informed decision before their physician provides them with treatment options.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Dose Naltrexone Co-Treatment in the Prevention of Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia

Shaheed

Manjooran

Reddy

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is characterized by a heightened sensitivity to pain that occurs in patients following opioid use. Prescription of opioids is currently the standard form of pain management for both neuropathic and nociceptive pain, due to the relief that patients typically report following their use. Opioids, which aim to provide analgesic effects, can paradoxically cause increasing degrees of pain among the users. The increased nociception can be either due to the underlying pain for which the opioid was initially prescribed, or other unrelated pain. As a result, those who are initially prescribed opioids for chronic pain relief may instead be left with no overall relief, and experience additional algesia. While OIH can be treated through the reduction of opioid use, antagonistic treatment can also be utilized. In an attempt to reduce OIH in patients, low doses of the opioid antagonist naltrexone can be given concurrently. This review will analyze the current role and effectiveness of the use of naltrexone in managing OIH in opioid users as described in clinical and non-clinical studies. Additionally, it seeks to characterize the underlying mechanisms that enable opioid antagonist naltrexone to reduce OIH while still allowing opioids to act as an analgesic. The authors find that OIH is a prevalent condition, and in order to effectively combat it, clinicians and patients can benefit from an extended study on how naltrexone can be utilized as a treatment alongside opioids prescribed for pain management.

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A Review on the Role of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) in the Treatment and Understanding of Psoriasis

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

A Biological Analysis on the Invasiveness of the Corbicula Fluminea

A Biological Analysis on the Invasiveness of the Corbicula Fluminea

Clinical Wide-Field Retinal Image Deep Learning Classification of Exudative and Non-Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Low-Dose Naltrexone Co-Treatment in the Prevention of Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia

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