A Review on the Removal of Fluoride using Inexpensive Adsorbents

Abstract

Due to the weathering of rocks, effluents from industries and geochemical responses the fluoride interacts with the ground water. Precipitation, adsorption, ion-exchange, membrane process techniques helps to process defluoridation in water. Among these fluoride removal strategies, adsorption technique is direct, reasonable, and appropriate for drinking water treatment. A few adsorbents, for example, activated carbon and alumina, agricultural and industrial wastes etc., were endeavor the permissible range of fluoride availability in water by adsorption technique. Use of plant related materials and agricultural wastes as adsorbents are commonly involved in adsorption technique since these materials are easily available with biodegradable nature and also they are inexpensive materials. The principle reason for this literature survey is to give new thoughts regarding the defluoridation in aqueous solutions by adsorption method which was analyzed by numerous analysts. In this review paper, different adsorbents has been reviewed and their adsorption efficiency based on pH, initial fluoride concentration, temperature, contact time has been analysed. It is obvious from the review that the various adsorbents have demonstrated incredible capability of defluoridation. Be that as it may, at present there is an earnest requirement for the identification and improvement of progressively novel adsorbents which depends on economic and innovative aspects.