A review on the preparation and characterization methods of spherical explosive crystals

Liao, Dongjie; Li, Minjie; Wang, Jiechao; Zhang, Minxue; Qiu, Mianji; An, Chongwei

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.10.146

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Some studies have shown that, under a relative humidity of more than 50%, ADN crystals will be deliquescent within 10 h. 5 Thus, to fully utilize ADN as a green and energetic oxidizer, strategies for improving the antihygroscopicity properties of ADN have been widely researched. Currently, methods for reducing the hygroscopicity of ADN include spheroidization, 6,7 coating, 8,9 and cocrystallization. 10−14 However, these methods all exhibit certain limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, to fully utilize ADN as a green and energetic oxidizer, strategies for improving the antihygroscopicity properties of ADN have been widely researched. Currently, methods for reducing the hygroscopicity of ADN include spheroidization, , coating, , and cocrystallization. − However, these methods all exhibit certain limitations. For instance, spherical granulation methods only exhibit a limited ability to reduce the moisture absorption properties of ADN .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of ADN Crystal Surface Properties by Additives

Zheng,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In this paper, a method to reduce the hygroscopicity of the energetic oxidizer ammonium dinitramide (ADN) was proposed by modulating the surface properties of ADN crystals with additive microdoping. Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (octogen, HMX) was selected as the additive, and a threelayer solventization model was constructed based on the adhesion energy theory by placing the additive in the solvent layer. The modified adhesion energies and moisture absorption rates of each ADN crystal surface were calculated under the effects of different solvents and additives. The effects of additives on the crystal growth and crystal morphology of ADN in the presence of different solvents were investigated. The interactions between different solvents and crystalline surfaces were analyzed, and the modification of the attachment energy was calculated. The results showed that utilizing HMX as an additive significantly influenced the ADN crystal morphology, crystal face occupancy, and growth rate in different solvent environments. HMX showed the best antihygroscopicity performance as an ADN additive in a dichloromethane (DCM) solvent environment, and the percentage of antihygroscopic crystal faces on the ADN crystal surfaces increased up to 74.70%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of ADN Crystal Surface Properties by Additives

Zheng,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Over the past two decades, both domestic and international research has underscored the critical significance of internal defects and voids in explosive crystals, particularly concerning shock sensitivity [3] , [4] , [5] . Re-crystallization emerges as one of the most effective solutions to mitigate internal defects, receiving extensive study to reduce sensitivity [6] , [7] , [8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilitating polymorphic crystallization of HMX through ultrasound and trace additive assistance

Li,

Huang

et al. 2024

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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Oiling‐Out in Industrial Crystallization of Organic Small Molecules: Mechanisms, Characterization, Regulation, and Applications

Zhou,

Cen,

Han

et al. 2024

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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Oiling‐out is a common phenomenon in industrial crystallization processes that not only prolongs the total operating time but also leads to undesirable crystal morphology, making it challenging to control crystallization paths. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the oiling‐out phenomenon in organic small molecule crystallization. First, the formation mechanisms of oiling‐out are summarized from both thermodynamic and dynamic perspectives, providing the theoretical foundation for understanding the phenomenon. Then, the universal characterization methods for studying the oiling‐out phenomenon of organic small molecules are introduced in detail, covering both offline and online analytical tools. Moreover, the regulation strategy for oiling‐out, including solvents, impurities, seeding, temperature, and mixing methods are discussed. This paper also focuses on the application of oiling‐out in co‐assembly and crystal shape modulation. Finally, future opportunities and challenges are presented to address the current shortcomings and application bottlenecks in the study of organic small molecule oiling‐out phenomena. This review aims to provide valuable insights and guidance for researchers working on the crystallization of organic small molecules, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, to better understand, control, and utilize the oiling‐out phenomenon.

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A review on the preparation and characterization methods of spherical explosive crystals

Cited by 8 publications

References 114 publications

Modulation of ADN Crystal Surface Properties by Additives

Modulation of ADN Crystal Surface Properties by Additives

Facilitating polymorphic crystallization of HMX through ultrasound and trace additive assistance

Oiling‐Out in Industrial Crystallization of Organic Small Molecules: Mechanisms, Characterization, Regulation, and Applications

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