A Review on the Pharmacology and Toxicology of Steviol Glycosides Extracted from Stevia rebaudiana

Momtazi‐Borojeni, Amir Abbas; Esmaeili, Seyed‐Alireza; Abdollahi, Elham; Sahebkar, Amirhossein

doi:10.2174/1381612822666161021142835

Cited by 133 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The metabolized components essentially leave the body and there is no accumulation. Studies have shown that compounds found in stevia are not teratogenic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic and cause no acute or subacute toxicity . Moreover, reports have been promising regarding the potential benefits of stevia against inflammation, carcinogenesis, atherosclerosis glucose control, and hypertension .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stevia prevents experimental cirrhosis by reducing hepatic myofibroblasts and modulating molecular profibrotic pathways

Ramos‐Tovar

Buendia-Montaño

Galindo-Gómez

et al. 2018

Hepatology Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim The aims of the present study were to investigate the capacity of stevia leaves to prevent experimental cirrhosis induced by chronic administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats and to explore the action mechanism involved. Methods Liver cirrhosis was established by CCl4 treatment (400 mg/kg i.p. three times a week for 12 weeks); stevia powder was administered (100 mg/kg by gavage daily) during the CCl4 treatment. Serum markers of liver damage and hydroxyproline were evaluated and histopathological analyses were carried out. The profibrotic pathways were analyzed by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Results We found for the first time that stevia cotreatment prevented the elevation of serum markers of necrosis and cholestasis and the occurrence of liver fibrosis. It is worth noting that stevia downregulated several profibrogenic pathways, including the reduction of hepatic myofibroblasts and decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP13 expression, thereby blocking the liberation of transforming growth factor‐β from the extracellular matrix. Notably, stevia reduced the phosphorylation of pSmad3L, the most profibrogenic and mitogenic Smad, by inhibiting the activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase. Interestingly, Smad7, an important antifibrotic molecule, was upregulated by stevia treatment in cirrhotic rats. These multitarget mechanisms led to the prevention of experimental cirrhosis. Conclusions Because stevia possesses a reasonable safety profile, our results indicate that it could be useful in the clinical setting to treat chronic liver diseases.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stevia prevents experimental cirrhosis by reducing hepatic myofibroblasts and modulating molecular profibrotic pathways

Ramos‐Tovar

Buendia-Montaño

Galindo-Gómez

et al. 2018

Hepatology Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In fact, only the accumulation of free drugs at the target site can exert their curative effects. Excessive exposure or accumulation in healthy tissues would rather lead to toxic and side effects [51–54]. Acquiring comprehensive knowledge about the pharmacokinetics of modified drugs is vitally important to design more efficient PEGylated pharmaceuticals with good targeting property and have better control of undesired side effects [55–58].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the bioanalytical methods of polyethylene glycols and PEGylated pharmaceuticals

Zhang

Song

et al. 2020

J of Separation Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polyethylene glycols are synthetic polymers composed of repeating oxyethylene subunits, which have been known for non-toxic, non-immunogenic, non-antigenic, good solubility in water and therefore approved for pharmaceutical applications. Recently, attachment or amalgamation of polyethylene glycols to therapeutic small molecules, peptides, proteins, or nanoparticles has become a mature technology for the sake of improving their pharmacokinetic and pharmacological profiles, also referred to as PEGylation. By comparison, there are only a few PEGylated pharmaceuticals have been registered for further clinical trials and even less was approved for marketing. High failure rate of PEGylated pharmaceuticals in pre-clinical and clinical trials could be majorly attributed to their unclear pharmacokinetic behaviors. Therefore, the in vivo fate of the PEGylated pharmaceuticals for the various routes of administration needs to be thoroughly investigated An accurate in vivo pharmacological study thereof highly depends on the precise detection of polyethylene glycols as well as their fragments in biological matrixes. The goal of this review is to highlight the analytical methods that were developed and applied to evaluate the polyethylene glycols in pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients, which bring us closer to bridging

show abstract

“…Stevia rebaudiana (Stevia) extract, a natural non-nutritive sweeteners, has drawn increasing attention because, in addition to being a non-cariogenic sweetener [1], it seems to have hypotensive, hypoglycaemic, antidiabetic, anticariogenic, antioxidant, hypotensive, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour activities [2,3]. The sweetening effect of Stevia is due to glycosides of the aglycone steviol (ST), an ent-kaurene-type diterpene (Figure 1, table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of steviol glycosides in commercial extracts of Stevia rebaudiana and sweeteners by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography Orbitrap mass spectrometry

Gardana

Simonetti

2018

Journal of Chromatography A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stevia rebaudiana extracts are used as sweeteners in several countries worldwide. Several extracts of diverse composition are available on the market, and their taste depends on the contents of the various steviol glycosides. This study presents an accurate method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of steviol glycosides in 40 Stevia extracts, 7 sweeteners and 3 Steviasweetened beverages by a UHPLC coupled to an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The sub-2 µm amide column provided the separation of all the target analytes in a run time of 30 min with high resolution. The effect of different eluent compositions on the ionisation efficiency of the steviol glycosides was studied. The optimal ionisation conditions were achieved in negative mode using 0.05% formic acid. Under this condition, adducts were not found, [M-H]were the main ions and the spontaneous loss of a glucose residue at C19 was reduced. The %RSD for intra-and inter-day precision for all eleven analytes varied from 2.1-4.2% and 3.0-5.1%, respectively. The recoveries from spiked Stevia extract samples were greater than 95% for all analytes. Rebaudioside A was the most abundant, ranging from 23-102%. Nine Stevia extracts and one drink were not compliant with the European Regulation. Isosteviol was under the LOD in all samples and steviol was found in four samples in quantities in the range 0.01-0.03%.

show abstract

A Review on the Pharmacology and Toxicology of Steviol Glycosides Extracted from Stevia rebaudiana

Cited by 133 publications

References 0 publications

Stevia prevents experimental cirrhosis by reducing hepatic myofibroblasts and modulating molecular profibrotic pathways

Stevia prevents experimental cirrhosis by reducing hepatic myofibroblasts and modulating molecular profibrotic pathways

Recent advances in the bioanalytical methods of polyethylene glycols and PEGylated pharmaceuticals

Determination of steviol glycosides in commercial extracts of Stevia rebaudiana and sweeteners by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography Orbitrap mass spectrometry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About