A review on the performance of glycerol carbonate production via catalytic transesterification: Effects of influencing parameters

Teng, Wai Keng; Ngoh, Gek Cheng; Yusoff, Rozita; Aroua, Mohamed Kheireddine

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.08.036

Cited by 164 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Glycerol (1,2,3-propanetriol) [10][11][12][13][14][15] is the major byproduct of BD production, that is, 10 kg of glycerol is produced for every 100 kg of BD [16][17][18]. As such, glycerol supply linearly increases with increasing BD demand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on recent progress in catalytic carboxylation and acetylation of glycerol as a byproduct of biodiesel production

Okoye

Hameed

2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

199

117

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on recent progress in catalytic carboxylation and acetylation of glycerol as a byproduct of biodiesel production

Okoye

Hameed

2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

199

117

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“…Additionally, although the estimations realized in our work were performed for ideal gas state conditions, even at low temperatures (from 300-450 K) the equilibrium constants in the gas phase offer a good approximation of liquid phase reactive systems because the thermodynamic properties that markedly affect the value of the equilibrium constant, namely enthalpy and entropy of reaction, change slightly in the case of the change from gas to liquid phase [72]. An equation for each independent reaction having the equilibrium constant regarding the reaction coordinates (ε j ) can be constructed using Equations (19) and (22), therefore the resulting equations for the reactive system are:…”

Section: The Chemical Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The equilibrium compositions (y i ) at different temperatures were calculated from the reaction coordinates computed by resolving the simultaneous Equations (6)- (8) using the multivariable Newton-Rhapson method and taking into account Equation (19) to calculate y i for each involved compound ( Figure 13). The production of acetol prevails at mild temperatures, mainly from 300-480 K, attaining y acetol = 0.50−0.47 as its highest concentration between 300 K and 400 K, while its molar fraction decreases approximately 97% from 400 K to 600 K. In contrast, the acrolein concentration increases in the same temperature range reaching its maximum and staying around at y acrolein = 0.31 between 600 K and 800 K.…”

Section: The Chemical Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Dehydration of Glycerol to Acrolein over a Catalyst of Pd/LaY Zeolite and Comparison with the Chemical Equilibrium

et al. 2017

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Glycerol dehydration to acrolein was studied with three catalysts using zeolite-Y. This zeolite in its protonic form (HY), with La (LaY) and Pd with La (Pd/LaY), was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with pyridine, BET, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)-Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy X-ray (EDS) and the catalytic activity tests were carried out under H 2 atmosphere. It was found that La ions exchanged in the zeolite-Y resulted in the improvement of both glycerol conversion and yield to acrolein, also a relatively constant glycerol conversion was achieved up to three hours, due to the presence of Pd on the catalyst and H 2 in the feed. The comparison of the calculated and experimental yields obtained from the catalytic tests of the Pd/LaY catalyst indicates a greater activity for the reaction to acrolein than for the reaction to acetol. The calculated equilibrium yields of the dehydration reaction from glycerol to acrolein, acetol, ethanal, methanol, and water and the experimental yields of a Pd/LaY catalyst were compared. Thermodynamically, a complete conversion of glycerol can be achieved since the general system remains exothermic and promotes the path to acetol below 480 K. Above this temperature the system consumes energy and favors the production of acrolein, reaching its maximum concentration at 600 K.

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“…In this process, where biodiesel is the primary product, glycerin is produced in a ratio of 1:10 kg/kg, glycerin to biodiesel [1]. The capacity of glycerin production worldwide has been increased to almost 3 million ton per year [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Crude Glycerin for Synthetic Gas Production and Potential Electricity Generation

Sadaka¹

2017

Innov Ener Res

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The principal goal of this research was to explore a new avenue of utilizing crude glycerin in potential electricity generation via gasification process integrated with Stirling engine generator. Glycerin (C 3 H 8 O 3 ) is a byproduct of vegetable oil or animal fat transesterification process for biodiesel production. An externally heated fixed bed gasification unit was installed to achieve thermal decomposition of glycerin. Glycerin was gasified in the externally heated gasifier. The effects of bed temperature (650, 700, and 750°C) and water to glycerin ratio (0%, 15%, and 30%) on the products yield (gas, liquid, and particulates), gas composition and heating value were investigated. The gas production rate reached 53.4% of the product weight during gasification of crude glycerin. Glycerin gasification produces gas with a relatively medium heating value of 13.14 MJ/m 3 . The maximum hydrogen mole fraction of 43.6% was obtained under the bed temperature of 750°C. A scenario of integrating crude glycerin gasification system and Stirling engine generators was created for potential electricity generation. An economic analysis model was developed to determine the cost of electricity generation. Using a 5 Mg/day fluidized bed gasifier integrated with four Stirling engine generators, electricity could be potentially generated with the cost of $0.142/kWh.

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A review on the performance of glycerol carbonate production via catalytic transesterification: Effects of influencing parameters

Cited by 164 publications

References 69 publications

Review on recent progress in catalytic carboxylation and acetylation of glycerol as a byproduct of biodiesel production

Review on recent progress in catalytic carboxylation and acetylation of glycerol as a byproduct of biodiesel production

Catalytic Dehydration of Glycerol to Acrolein over a Catalyst of Pd/LaY Zeolite and Comparison with the Chemical Equilibrium

Utilization of Crude Glycerin for Synthetic Gas Production and Potential Electricity Generation

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