A review on the oil-soluble dispersed catalyst for slurry-phase hydrocracking of heavy oil

Catalysts for Hydroprocessing of Heavy Oils and Petroleum Residues

“…It is known that coke formation is markedly inhibited when the active species are applied as dispersed nanoparticle catalysts [14]. The application of the highly dispersed catalysts in the slurry-phase hydroprocessing of heavy residues favors the rapid uptake of hydrogen and deactivates the intermediate free radical moieties in the liquid phase, thereby suppressing coke formation, increasing total conversion, and enhancing quality of liquid product [50].…”

“…Dispersed catalyst can be classified into either water-soluble or oil-soluble [50]. Oil-soluble dispersed catalyst is generally preferred because it has a better catalyst activity as it can disperse uniformly in oil.…”

Effect of Additives on the Activity of Nickel–Tungsten Sulfide Hydroconversion Catalysts Prepared In Situ from Oil-Soluble Precursors

“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The problems of fixed-bed processes in the case of heavy oil fractions include a high rate of catalysts deactivation due to the presence of local overheating zones caused by highly exothermic reactions and the formation of condensation products and coke deposits, which block both the pores of the support and the catalytically active sites [16,17]. A modern approach to the hydroprocessing of heavy crude oil consists in the use of slurry reactors with meso-or nanosized dispersed-phase catalysts [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

“…The problems of fixed-bed processes in the case of heavy oil fractions include a high rate of catalysts deactivation due to the presence of local overheating zones caused by highly exothermic reactions and the formation of condensation products and coke deposits, which block both the pores of the support and the catalytically active sites [16,17]. A modern approach to the hydroprocessing of heavy crude oil consists in the use of slurry reactors with meso-or nanosized dispersed-phase catalysts [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. This approach ensures a uniform heat distribution in the reaction zone, a high degree of conversion of raw materials, a decrease in the rate of deactivation due to coking, and the possibility of easy catalyst removal from the reactor [30][31][32].…”

“…Dispersed catalysts, both preliminarily synthesized with the use of supports (ex situ) and in situ formed from water-soluble or oil-soluble metal compounds in the reaction medium, are successfully used in slurry hydroprocesses [17,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42].…”