A Review on the Nanofiltration Process for Treating Wastewaters from the Petroleum Industry

Jafarinejad, Shahryar; Esfahani, Milad Rabbani

doi:10.3390/separations8110206

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 133 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The use of reverse osmosis membrane technology for the purification of natural and waste water has been carried out over the past 40 years [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. In recent years, interest has increased in nanofiltration as a method for preparing drinking water from surface water sources [ 1 , 2 ], due to the high efficiency of retention by these membranes of organic substances that form water color [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these technological schemes, ultrafiltration membranes are used, but membranes in these schemes are assigned only a role of a fine filter to remove fragments of coal particles and pathogenic bacteria living in filtration media [ 6 ]. Moreover, the high color and high water oxidation that is attributed to halogenocarbons and other volatile organics can be successfully solved using nanofiltration membranes [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Application of nanofiltration membranes does not require the use of sorption materials that require high operational costs [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is confirmed by long successful experience of a number of large-scale nanofiltration facilities [ 1 , 2 ]. The main disadvantage of the application of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes at large drinking water supply installations is the concentrate disposal problem [ 2 , 3 , 17 ]. The problem of concentrate reduction and utilization at water supply plants is still not completely solved [ 17 ], mainly due to the presence of low soluble salts in concentrate and high cost of their removal [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Production of Drinking Water with Membranes with Simultaneous Utilization of Concentrate and Reject Effluent after Sludge Dewatering

Первов

Spitsov

2023

Membranes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new technology is described that enables us to completely exclude liquid discharges during production of drinking water from surface sources. The proposed described technological scheme separates the natural water into a stream of purified drinking water and dewatered sludge. The sludge moisture has a value of 80 percent. The experimental program is described to treat the natural water with nanofiltration membranes and to produce a drinking-quality water with recovery value of 0.99 and higher. Concentrate of membrane plant is mixed with the wet sludge and the reject effluent after sludge dewatering is again treated by reverse osmosis membranes and returned back to the sludge thickening tank. Results of experiments to treat reject water after sludge dewatering are presented. The use of nanofiltration membranes provides reduction in the Total Dissolved Solids content (TDS), aluminum, color and oxidation to meet drinking water standards. Experimental plots are presented that can be used to select membrane characteristics and to predict product water chemical composition at each stage of the membrane treatment scheme. Concentrate of membrane treatment plant is mixed with the wet sludge in the thickening tank. The sludge, after the thickening tank, is dewatered using either filter-press or centrifugal equipment. The reject (or fugate), after sludge dewatering, is treated by membrane facility to separate it into deionized water stream and concentrate stream. The deionized water can be mixed with the feed water or drinking water and the concentrate stream is returned back to the thickening tank. Thus, the salt balance is maintained in the thickening tank, whereby all dissolved salts and impurities that are rejected by membranes are collected in the thickening tank, and then are withdrawn together with the dewatered sludge. Based on the results of experimental data processing, balance diagrams of the sludge dehydration process with waste water purification at the membrane plant and with the addition of the membrane plant concentrate to the sludge thickener are presented, according to which all contaminants removed by the membranes are removed together with the sludge.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Production of Drinking Water with Membranes with Simultaneous Utilization of Concentrate and Reject Effluent after Sludge Dewatering

Первов

Spitsov

2023

Membranes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…is technology is based on the rejection of sulfate ions when water passing through a membrane with nanometer-sized pores under high pressure (usually 2-15 bar). It has been reported to reduce sulfate concentration to <50 ppm in field [12][13][14]; but the disadvantages of nanofiltration, including intensive energy input required to push water through the membrane and high operation cost, hinder the large-scale field applications. Although researchers have devoted years of efforts to develop state-of-art membranes to improve water permeance [15], this technology is still far from mass production and becomes unsuitable for a low-carbon economy nowadays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of High-Concentration Sulfate from Seawater by Ettringite Precipitation

Hou¹,

Alghunaimi

Han

et al. 2022

Journal of Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to the worldwide scarcity of fresh water, seawater becomes an alternative base fluid in hydraulic fracturing for oil and gas production. However, the injection of seawater that contains high concentration of sulfate will induce the scale formation and thus reduce hydrocarbon production. One of the most effective ways to solve this problem is to remove sulfate ions from seawater before fracturing application. The objective of this study is to develop an effective and environment-friendly approach to remove sulfate ions from seawater based on coprecipitation of SO42− with NaAlO2 and CaO as ettringite (Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12·26H2O). Residual sulfate concentration in treated seawater was determined when NaAlO2 and CaO dosed at different molar ratios to sulfate. Results showed the efficiency of sulfate removal was more than 90% (4290 ppm to ∼400 ppm) when Al : Ca : S = 2 : 6 : 1. It was found the sulfate precipitation completed in 15 mins with stirring under an alkaline condition (pH ≈ 12) and was not affected by temperature (15°C to 45°C). Increasing the Na+ concentration from 0 to 25,000 ppm in waters resulted in the increment of residual sulfate concentration from 250 to ∼600 ppm, decreasing the removal efficiency. Besides, the analysis of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in treated seawater showed the Ca2+ concentrations were on the similar level as that before the treatment and Mg2+ was removed in the precipitation process, which is beneficial to the application of the treated seawater. The morphology and element analysis of the collected precipitates showed that the ettringites were in a layered shape with composition between Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 and Ca4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 at the optimized chemical dosage; therefore, the developed ettringite precipitation method could effectively remove sulfate from seawater without toxic chemicals involved, which benefits seawater hydraulic fracturing in an economic way, and this contributes to water sustainability.

show abstract

“…Among these techniques, membrane separation has attracted a great deal of attention, especially for the removal of small organic molecules and high-valence inorganic salts [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Studies of membranes have aided in the development of various research fields, including wastewater treatment [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], the pharmaceutical industry [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], food processing [ 13 , 14 ], and bioengineering [ 15 , 16 ]. During the separation process, both steric hindrance and the electrostatic repulsion effect determine the specific performance of a membrane [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CNTs Intercalated LDH Composite Membrane for Water Purification with High Permeance

Song

Yang

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The pursuit of improved water purification technology has motivated extensive research on novel membrane materials to be carried out. In this paper, one-dimensional carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were intercalated into the interlayer space of layered double hydroxide (LDH) to form a composite membrane for water purification. The CNTs/LDH laminates were deposited on the surface of the hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ultrafiltration membrane through a vacuum-assisted assembly strategy. Based on the characterization of the morphology and structure of the CNTs/LDH composite membrane, it was found that the intercalation of CNT created more mass transfer channels for water molecules. Moreover, the permeance of the CNTs/LDH membrane was improved by more than 50% due to the low friction and rapid flow of water molecules in the CNT tubes. Additionally, the influence of preparation conditions on the separation performance was investigated using Evans blue (EB). Optimized fabrication conditions were given (the concentration of CoAl-LDH was 0.1 g/L and the weight ratio of CNTs was 2 wt.%). Next, the separation performances of the prepared CNTs/LDH composite membrane were evaluated using both single and mixed dye solutions. The results showed that the composite membrane obtained possessed a retention of 98% with a permeance of 2600 kg/(m2·h·MPa) for EB, which was improved by 36% compared with the pristine LDH composite membrane. Moreover, the stability of the CNTs/LDH composite membrane was investigated in 100 h with no obvious permeance drop (less than 13%), which exhibited its great potential in water purification.

show abstract

A Review on the Nanofiltration Process for Treating Wastewaters from the Petroleum Industry

Cited by 27 publications

References 133 publications

Production of Drinking Water with Membranes with Simultaneous Utilization of Concentrate and Reject Effluent after Sludge Dewatering

Production of Drinking Water with Membranes with Simultaneous Utilization of Concentrate and Reject Effluent after Sludge Dewatering

Removal of High-Concentration Sulfate from Seawater by Ettringite Precipitation

CNTs Intercalated LDH Composite Membrane for Water Purification with High Permeance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About