A review on the mechanisms of the effect of silymarin in milk thistle (<i>Silybum marianum</i>) on some laboratory animals

Khazaei, Roshanak; Seidavi, Alireza; Bouyeh, Mehrdad

doi:10.1002/vms3.641

Cited by 40 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, Silymarin is related to the decrease in liver cholesterol [ 29 ] and this function is mainly due to fat-mediated improved bioavailability and/or by inhibition of resorption of dietary cholesterol. And the birds which were treated with silymarin had reduced concentrations of triglycerides which is in line with Khazaei et al [ 30 ] who observed a similar result in Japanese quail. Recently, consumers are very much concerned about the safety and quality of meat.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Silymarin seed extract supplementation enhances the growth performance, meat quality, and nutrients digestibility, and reduces gas emission in broilers

Sureshkumar¹,

Park²,

Sampath³

et al. 2022

Anim Biosci

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Objective: A thirty-five-dayfeeding trial was carried out to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of silymarin seed extract on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, excreta microbiota, excreta gas emission, blood profiles, and meat quality in broiler. Methods:A total of 1088 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (mixed-sex) with an initial body weight of 42.34 ± 0.82g, were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 17 replicates of 16 chicks per cage and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06% of silymarin. Results:The inclusion of silymarin supplementation linearly increased the body weight of broilers during days 7 to 21 and 1 to 35 days. On day 35, broilers fed a diet containing graded levels of silymarin supplementation linearly increased the nutrient digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, and nitrogen and cecal Lactobacillus counts (P = 0.038). While, silymarin supplement linearly reduced the methyl mercaptans (P=0.039) and acetic acid (P=0.007) emission in broilers. No significant effects were observed on the blood profile. Relative weights of organs such as breast muscle, bursa of fabricius were increased (linear effect, P< 0.05), water holding capacity was enhanced by increasing the silymarin level from 0 to 0.06%. A linear reduction(P>0.05) in drip loss from meat samples during days 1, 3, 5, and 7 by the addition of graded level of silymarin to the diet. Conclusion:An increasing level of silymarin supplementation to the diet of broiler would be beneficial to enhance growth performance, nutrient digestibility, excreta microflora, blood profile, and meat quality traits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Silymarin seed extract supplementation enhances the growth performance, meat quality, and nutrients digestibility, and reduces gas emission in broilers

Sureshkumar¹,

Park²,

Sampath³

et al. 2022

Anim Biosci

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“…Extracts from fruits of milk thistle are a basic component for many drugs used to treat diseases of the bladder and liver. The experimental studies on laboratory animals revealed that liposomal milk thistlecontaining drugs inhibit the formation of toxic products of peroxidationlipid hydroperoxides, diene conjugates, TBA-active products and recover the reserve of liver lipid-and water-soluble antioxidants (Khazaei et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of liposomal drug based on interferon and extract from Silybum marianum on antioxidative status of bulls against the background of contamination of fodders by cadmium and plumbum

Gutyj

Martyshuk

Парченко

et al. 2022

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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The balance between anti- and prooxidants in animal organisms in general and in each cell in particular is responsible for the regulation of many metabolic processes that provide immunocompetence, growth, development and protection of animals from oxidative stress, related to inflow of cadmium and plumbum. Therefore, the objective of our study was the influence of a liposomal drug based on interferon and milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) on the antioxidative status of the organism of bulls in the conditions of cadmium and plumbum loading. The experiments were performed on six-months-old Black Motley dairy cattle. The fodders in the farm were determined to contain high levels of plumbum and cadmium. The liposomal drug Lipointersyl inhibited the lipid peroxidation processes in the bulls. The drug components promoted the decrease in the level of intermediate and end products of lipid peroxidation, in particular 22% decrease in the level of diene conjugates and 20% decrease in TBA-active products. Intramuscular injection of the liposomal drug to bulls of the experimental group strengthened the antioxidant protection of their organism. On the 30th day of the experiment, blood from experimental group animals was seen to have a 9.8% increase in reduced glutathione. Assay of the enzymatic link of the glutathione system revealed that the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the blood of the animals that had been injected the liposomal drug Lipointensyl had increased by 24.0% and 27.7% respectively by the 30th day of the experiment. The experiments conducted on young cattle demonstrated that intermuscularly injected the Lipointensyl liposomal drug – against the background of cadmium and plumbum loading – promoted the activation of the glutathione system of antioxidant protection as a result of increase in the activity of its enzymatic and non-enzymatic links. The study of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities revealed that on the 30th and 40th days of the experiment, the activity of those enzymes varied within the physiological norms. Therefore, the analyzed Silybum marianum-based liposomal drug has antioxidant properties, it is recommended for young cattle in the conditions of contamination with heavy metals in order to prevent the development of oxidative stress.

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“…However, individual components contained in silymarin may be selectively responsible for various therapeutical bioactivities [ 71 ]. The mechanisms of action of the main bioactive compounds of MT have been discussed by numerous studies, but they are not fully elucidated yet [ 3 , 72 , 73 , 74 ]. The effectiveness of MT fruit has been evaluated particularly to test its hepatoprotective role [ 1 , 2 , 75 , 76 , 77 ].…”

Section: Efficacy and Safety Use Of Milk Thistle-supplementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting and Profiling of Milk Thistle Metabolites in Food Supplements: A Safety-Oriented Approach by Advanced Analytics

Raclariu-Manolică

Socaciu

2023

Metabolites

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Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) is among the top-selling botanicals used as a supportive treatment for liver diseases. Silymarin, a mixture of unique flavonolignan metabolites, is the main bioactive component of milk thistle. The biological activities of silymarin have been well described in the literature, and its use is considered safe and well-tolerated in appropriate doses. However, commercial preparations do not always contain the recommended concentrations of silymarin, failing to provide the expected therapeutic effect. While the poor quality of raw material may explain the low concentrations of silymarin, its deliberate removal is suspected to be an adulteration. Toxic contaminants and foreign matters were also detected in milk thistle preparations, raising serious health concerns. Standard methods for determination of silymarin components include thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with various detectors, but nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) have also been applied. This review surveys the extraction techniques of main milk thistle metabolites and the quality, efficacy, and safety of the derived food supplements. Advanced analytical authentication approaches are discussed with a focus on DNA barcoding and metabarcoding to complement orthogonal chemical characterization and fingerprinting of herbal products.

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A review on the mechanisms of the effect of silymarin in milk thistle (Silybum marianum) on some laboratory animals

Cited by 40 publications

References 93 publications

Silymarin seed extract supplementation enhances the growth performance, meat quality, and nutrients digestibility, and reduces gas emission in broilers

Silymarin seed extract supplementation enhances the growth performance, meat quality, and nutrients digestibility, and reduces gas emission in broilers

Effect of liposomal drug based on interferon and extract from Silybum marianum on antioxidative status of bulls against the background of contamination of fodders by cadmium and plumbum

Detecting and Profiling of Milk Thistle Metabolites in Food Supplements: A Safety-Oriented Approach by Advanced Analytics

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