A review on the leaf area index (LAI) in vertical greening systems

Bock, Anouk De; Belmans, Bert; Vanlanduit, S.; Blom, J.; Alvarado-Alvarado, Allan A.; Audenaert, Amaryllis

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109926

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The properties of the vegetation or materials can affect the magnitude at which vertical greening modifies the local microclimate, which also includes the insulation properties of the vegetation layer. Plant characteristics such as the leaf area indexes, the thickness of the vertical greening, and the type of plant affect the environmental impact of the vertically greened layer [8,10,24]. Material properties such as the heat capacity of materials or the reflexivity of a material can influence the temperature differences between the vertically greened part and the bare part of the wall [25][26][27].…”

Section: Experimental Results and The Impact Of Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process can only occur when plants are subjected to solar irradiation. A low amount of moisture in the environment, associated with a warm environment, accelerates the cooling rate of the environment [8][9][10]. The shading effect of the wall is caused by the extra layer of vegetation in front of the wall and provides a lower surface temperature at the underlaying wall during the heating process of the wall relative to a corresponding bare wall while exposed to solar irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary Experimental Laboratory Methods to Analyse the Insulation Capacity of Vertical Greening on Temperature and Relative Humidity

De Groeve,

Kale,

Orr

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Ground-based vertical greening is one of the well-known nature-based solutions that is widely used in city centres due to its small footprint and the large surface area of vegetation. Although the impact of vertical greening on the local microclimate has already been extensively researched, there is a poor understanding of the impact of vertical greening on historic building fabrics. The impact of vertical greening on microclimate environments has primarily been researched through in situ case-study monitoring; as such, there are currently no standard protocols for investigating this impact in laboratory studies. By performing simulations in controlled laboratory conditions, the influence of vertical greening on specific environmental conditions can be assessed as well as the significance for key mechanisms, such as the insulation capacity of a vegetation layer. Experimental results on the insulation capacity of vertical greening illustrate that the presence of vertical greening reduces the rate of heat exchange between the wall and the surrounding environment compared to the bare wall, resulting in a delayed temperature response of the wall. This delay varies across the seasons or its intensity, which is represented, for instance, by a more pronounced delay in the wall’s surface temperature response in summer than in winter. However, the magnitude of the insulation capacity is more pronounced in winter (up to +2.1 °C) compared to summertime. The insulation capacity of vertical greening is more likely to have a significant impact on façades with a lack of solar irradiation, such as façades facing north or shaded by built surroundings. This experimental investigation can help build an understanding of these processes more fundamentally and support the interpretation of in situ case-study monitoring as well as provide a standardized approach to investigate the environmental performance of vertical greening across climatic regions and seasons.

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Section: Experimental Results and The Impact Of Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Experimental Laboratory Methods to Analyse the Insulation Capacity of Vertical Greening on Temperature and Relative Humidity

De Groeve,

Kale,

Orr

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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“…Furthermore, the participants age was correlated with their prior knowledge of the definition of LW and GFs (Table 9), which can be attributed to the more widespread use of VGSs during the last decade [8,10,14,74,75,78,[97][98][99][100][101]. Native origin was more important to participants aged 41-65 years when selecting plants for outdoor systems (Table 11), a tendency that can be taken into consideration by the local stakeholders interested in promoting the use of Chilean native flora.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Use of Chilean Native Species in Vertical Greening Systems

et al. 2023

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Vertical greening systems (VGSs), i.e., living walls (LWs) and green façades (GFs), are considered a promising technology to diminish the negative effects of urbanisation. Plant selection for these systems is challenging due to the narrow spectrum of species available, and the required adaptation to specific climate conditions. Considering Chile’s rich plant biodiversity, this study aims to analyse the potential of Chilean native species to be introduced in VGSs. A total of 109 potentially usable species from the north (n = 25), centre (n = 32), south (n = 31) and the Andes Mountains (n = 21) were selected for VGSs, showing a high level of endemism (43.1%). According to the filters applied, 39 and 70 species were selected for GFs and LWs, respectively. To evaluate appreciation of Chilean native plants and their potential use in VGSs, an online questionnaire was responded by 428 individuals. Most participants agreed or strongly agreed with the use of LWs and/or GFs inside their house/apartment (75.5%) and in their garden/balcony (90.0%). Most of the participants agreed or strongly agreed with the use of Chilean native plants inside their house/apartment (75.0%) and in their garden/balcony (84.4%). Further empirical studies are still required to confirm the use of Chilean native species in LWs and GFs.

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“…A detailed description of SWAT input data was outlined by Muhury et al [16]. The LAI is widely used in research studies to assess the amount of leaf area in an ecosystem, which is a dimensionless and time-dependent vegetation parameter [74]. Watson [75] defined the LAI as the ratio of one-sided leaf area in the canopy per unit ground surface area [m 2 m −2 ].…”

Section: Data Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Floodplain Vegetation Response to Climate Change, Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) Model Simulated LAI, Applying Different GCM’s Future Climate Data and MODIS LAI Data

Muhury,

Apan,

Maraseni

2024

Remote Sensing

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Scientists widely agree that anthropogenically driven climate change significantly impacts vegetation growth, particularly in floodplain areas, by altering river flow and flood regimes. This impact will accelerate in the future, according to climate change projections. For example, in Australia, climate change has been attributed to a decrease in winter precipitation in the range of 56% to 72.9% and an increase in summer from 11% to 27%, according to different climate scenarios. This research attempts to understand vegetation responses to climate change variability at the floodplain level. Further, this study is an effort to enlighten our understanding of temporal climate change impacts under different climate scenarios. To achieve these aims, a semi-distributed hydrological model was applied at a sub-catchment level to simulate the Leaf Area Index (LAI). The model was simulated against future time series of climate data according to Global Climate Model (GCM) projections. The time series data underwent a non-parametric Mann–Kendall test to detect trends and assess the magnitude of change. To quantify the model’s performance, calibration and validation were conducted against the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LAI. The calibration and validation results show Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values of 0.85 and 0.78, respectively, suggesting the model’s performance is very good. The modeling results reveal that the rainfall pattern fluctuates under climate projections within the study site, in which vegetation tends to be more vibrant during the warmer seasons. Moreover, the modeling results highlighted increases in the average projected future winter temperatures, which can help vegetation growth during winter. The results of this study may be employed for sustainable floodplain management, restoration, land-use planning, and policymaking, and help floodplain communities better prepare for and respond to changing flood patterns and related challenges under a future changing climate.

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A review on the leaf area index (LAI) in vertical greening systems

Cited by 20 publications

References 55 publications

Preliminary Experimental Laboratory Methods to Analyse the Insulation Capacity of Vertical Greening on Temperature and Relative Humidity

Preliminary Experimental Laboratory Methods to Analyse the Insulation Capacity of Vertical Greening on Temperature and Relative Humidity

Potential Use of Chilean Native Species in Vertical Greening Systems

Modelling Floodplain Vegetation Response to Climate Change, Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) Model Simulated LAI, Applying Different GCM’s Future Climate Data and MODIS LAI Data

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