A Review on the Flavonoids – A Dye Source

Deveoğlu, Ozan; Karadağ, Recep

doi:10.7240/jeps.476514

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…The most abundant natural dyes are the carotenoids, flavonoids and quinones [15]. Of these, the carotenoids and flavonoids have been extensively studied and reviews are available [16][17][18][19]. By contrast, quinones have not been given similar attention, despite being at least as promising as the other two sources, since they can be considered the natural analogues of the more established synthetic quinone dyes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Quinone Dyes: A Review on Structure, Extraction Techniques, Analysis and Application Potential

Dulo

Phan

Githaiga

et al. 2021

Waste Biomass Valor

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Synthetic dyes are by far the most widely applied colourants in industry. However, environmental and sustainability considerations have led to an increasing efforts to substitute them with safer and more sustainable equivalents. One promising class of alternatives is the natural quinones; these are class of cyclic organic compounds characterized by a saturated (C6) ring that contains two oxygen atoms that are bonded to carbonyls and have sufficient conjugation to show color. Therefore, this study looks at the potential of isolating and applying quinone dye molecules from a sustainable source as a possible replacement for synthetic dyes. It presents an in-depth description of the three main classes of quinoid compounds in terms of their structure, occurrence biogenesis and toxicology. Extraction and purification strategies, as well as analytical methods, are then discussed. Finally, current dyeing applications are summarised. The literature review shows that natural quinone dye compounds are ubiquitous, albeit in moderate quantities, but all have a possibility of enhanced production. They also display better dyeability, stability, brightness and fastness compared to other alternative natural dyes, such as anthocyanins and carotenoids. Furthermore, they are safer for the environment than are many synthetic counterparts. Their extraction, purification and analysis are simple and fast, making them potential substitutes for their synthetic equivalents. Graphic Abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Quinone Dyes: A Review on Structure, Extraction Techniques, Analysis and Application Potential

Dulo

Phan

Githaiga

et al. 2021

Waste Biomass Valor

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“…Examples of quantitative calculations include the following: (i) The identification of flavonoid constituents in mixtures by multicomponent analysis on the basis of known absorption spectra. Such mixtures may together be used as natural colorants. − (ii) The role of flavonoids in filtering incident UV-B radiation. (iii) The ability to filter ultraviolet radiation in sunscreen products from natural origin − and UV protective fabric/clothing. − (iv) Studies of flavonoids with proteins, enzymes, and albumins (e.g., bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin, casein, lactoglobulin, lipoproteins) by use of Förster (or fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET) calculations. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Database of Absorption Spectra of Diverse Flavonoids Enables Structural Comparisons and Quantitative Evaluations

et al. 2023

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Flavonoids play diverse roles in plants, comprise a non-negligible fraction of net primary photosynthetic production, and impart beneficial effects in human health from a plant-based diet. Absorption spectroscopy is an essential tool for quantitation of flavonoids isolated from complex plant extracts. The absorption spectra of flavonoids typically consist of two major bands, band I (300–380 nm) and band II (240–295 nm), where the former engenders a yellow color; in some flavonoids the absorption tails to 400–450 nm. The absorption spectra of 177 flavonoids and analogues of natural or synthetic origin have been assembled, including molar absorption coefficients (109 from the literature, 68 measured here). The spectral data are in digital form and can be viewed and accessed at . The database enables comparison of the absorption spectral features of 12 distinct types of flavonoids including flavan-3-ols (e.g., catechin, epigallocatechin), flavanones (e.g., hesperidin, naringin), 3-hydroxyflavanones (e.g., taxifolin, silybin), isoflavones (e.g., daidzein, genistein), flavones (e.g., diosmin, luteolin), and flavonols (e.g., fisetin, myricetin). The structural features that give rise to shifts in wavelength and intensity are delineated. The availability of digital absorption spectra for diverse flavonoids facilitates analysis and quantitation of these valuable plant secondary metabolites. Four examples are provided of calculationsmulticomponent analysis, solar ultraviolet photoprotection, sun protection factor (SPF), and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)for which the spectra and accompanying molar absorption coefficients are sine qua non.

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“…[41,42] Some covered chemistry and applications but selected a number of pigments. [43] Some others have discussed the biological activities of natural pigments, but only those that belong to a specific class of natural compounds, such as anthocyanins, [44] flavonoids, [45] carotenoids, [46] or quinones. [47] Some focused only on the chemistry of a specific group of natural or synthetic pigments, such as flavylium-based dyes [49] or cyanines [48] or cyanines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Chemistry and Biological Activities of Natural Colorants, Dyes, and Pigments: Challenges, and Opportunities for Food, Cosmetics, and Pharmaceutical Application

Pasdaran

Zare

Hamedi

et al. 2023

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Natural pigments are important sources for the screening of bioactive lead compounds. This article reviewed the chemistry and therapeutic potentials of over 570 colored molecules from plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, algae, and marine sources. Moreover, related biological activities, advanced extraction, and identification approaches were reviewed. A variety of biological activities, including cytotoxicity against cancer cells, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, wound healing, anti‐microbial, antiviral, and anti‐protozoal activities, have been reported for different pigments. Considering their structural backbone, they were classified as naphthoquinones, carotenoids, flavonoids, xanthones, anthocyanins, benzotropolones, alkaloids, terpenoids, isoprenoids, and non‐isoprenoids. Alkaloid pigments were mostly isolated from bacteria and marine sources, while flavonoids were mostly found in plants and mushrooms. Colored quinones and xanthones were mostly extracted from plants and fungi, while colored polyketides and terpenoids are often found in marine sources and fungi. Carotenoids are mostly distributed among bacteria, followed by fungi and plants. The pigments isolated from insects have different structures, but among them, carotenoids and quinone/xanthone are the most important. Considering good manufacturing practices, the current permitted natural colorants are: Carotenoids (canthaxanthin, β‐carotene, β‐apo‐8′‐carotenal, annatto, astaxanthin) and their sources, lycopene, anthocyanins, betanin, chlorophyllins, spirulina extract, carmine and cochineal extract, henna, riboflavin, pyrogallol, logwood extract, guaiazulene, turmeric, and soy leghemoglobin.

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A Review on the Flavonoids – A Dye Source

Cited by 25 publications

References 88 publications

Natural Quinone Dyes: A Review on Structure, Extraction Techniques, Analysis and Application Potential

Natural Quinone Dyes: A Review on Structure, Extraction Techniques, Analysis and Application Potential

Digital Database of Absorption Spectra of Diverse Flavonoids Enables Structural Comparisons and Quantitative Evaluations

A Review of the Chemistry and Biological Activities of Natural Colorants, Dyes, and Pigments: Challenges, and Opportunities for Food, Cosmetics, and Pharmaceutical Application

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