A Review on the Extraction and Processing of Natural Source-Derived Proteins through Eco-Innovative Approaches

Abstract

In addition to their nutritional and physiological role, proteins are recognized as the major compounds responsible for the rheological properties of food products and their stability during manufacture and storage. Furthermore, proteins have been shown to be source of bioactive peptides able to exert beneficial effects on human health. In recent years, scholarly interest has focused on the incorporation of high-quality proteins into the diet. This fact, together with the new trends of consumers directed to avoid the intake of animal proteins, has boosted the search for novel and sustainable protein sources and the development of suitable, cost-affordable, and environmentally friendly technologies to extract high concentrations of valuable proteins incorporated into food products and supplements. In this review, current data on emergent and promising methodologies applied for the extraction of proteins from natural sources are summarized. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of these novel methods, compared with conventional methods, are detailed. Additionally, this work describes the combination of these technologies with the enzymatic hydrolysis of extracted proteins as a powerful strategy for releasing bioactive peptides.

Health-Promoting and Therapeutic Attributes of Milk-Derived Bioactive Peptides

“…Several methods have been used for the isolation of proteins and peptides. The most frequently used method is the aqueous-based extraction process due to protein’s high stability and solubility in alkaline water [ 65 ]. For separation of BAPs, the most frequently used techniques involve a variety of chromatography techniques.…”

Recent findings on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of novel food-derived antihypertensive peptides

“…The most common technique, membrane ultracentrifugation, sort the peptides in protein hydrolysates based on their size/molecular weight/peptide chain length which could be from least to large and vice versa. Other improved techniques such as reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and Fast protein liquid chromatography are currently adopted to improve peptide yield and purity ( Franca-Oliveira et al, 2021 , Girgih et al, 2013 , He et al, 2013 ). Recently, more advanced techniques such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrophotometer are used for peptide purification while the amino acid sequence of the peptides are recognized using automated techniques such as peptide sequencer ( He et al, 2021 , Song et al, 2021 ).…”

Characteristics of Coagulants from Moringa Seed Extract (Moringa oleifera) with Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) Method

“…The statement [27] stated that the factors that affect the solubility of proteins, such as heat treatment, pH, solvent, and ionic strength. The main parameters that need to be considered to increase the extraction yield of the MAE method are sample solubility, solid-liquid ratio, time, power, and microwave temperature [28]. The nature of the protein can change to become less soluble and more viscous due to denaturation at high temperatures so that it changes the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary protein structures [29].…”