A review on the equations of state for the working pairs used in adsorption cooling systems

Several regions are confronting a severe scarcity of fresh water due to the gap between supply and demand. They strive to bridge that gap by depleting nonrenewable water aquifers and expanding centralized energy-intensive desalination technologies. Continuing to adopt the same unsustainable approach could deplete the water aquifers and increase the consumption of fossil fuel and the ecological impact on air, water, and land. However, the traditional paradigm of centralized desalination systems could be shifted by increasing the utilization of renewable distributed generation, which can be coupled with emerging desalination technology such as adsorption desorption desalination (ADD), which has autonomous and resilient attributes that can contribute to the sustainability of decentralized fresh water supply in the future. In this work, three commercialized desalination technologies were reviewed and compared with emerging ones to explore the most economically and environmentally efficient systems within the context of decentralized water production. The well-known configurations of ADD were evaluated and compared with sea water reverse osmosis (SWRO), which is recognized as the principal commercialized desalination technology worldwide. The quantitative case study methodology was used by investigating four centralized seawater desalination plants in Saudi Arabia (SA) with their associated pipeline systems from the energy consumption point of view to determine the applicability of implementing ADD technology in SA and similar arid areas. The study reveals that adopting decentralized ADD technology coupled with renewable energy sources could reduce the specific energy consumption from 4 kWh/m3 to less than 1.38 kWh/m3. Combining reduced energy consumption from desalination plants and elimination of supply pipelines could potentially result in a significant reduction in energy consumption and carbon emissions. Finally, the study may be useful for researchers working on enhancing ADD processes, as well as technology users who would like to implement the most efficient ADD configurations. Additionally, it may initiate a direction of utilizing the results of original critical reviews as a methodology to develop the applied technologies.

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“…The first empirical isothermal models were suggested in [81]. After 10 years, Langmuir theoretically derived the monolayer isotherm model.…”

Section: Adsorption Desorption Desalinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Sustainable Decentralized Water Supply: Review of Adsorption Desorption Desalination (ADD) and Current Technologies: Saudi Arabia (SA) as a Case Study

Alnajdi

Calautit

2020

Water

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“…The maximum value X max is defined by the ambient temperature and evaporator pressure X max = f(T amb , P evap ). The adsorption and desorption concentrations X are usually determined by Dubinin-Astakhov equation [20,21]:…”

Section: Adsorption and Desorption Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Analysis and Modeling Study of Combined Activated Carbon-Silica Gel/Methanol Adsorption Ice Production System

Ajib

2016

Glob. J. Energ. Technol. Res. Updat.

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In this article, the transient modelling for a new construction of the Adsorption cold production was investigated. This system, named in this work the combined Adsorption Ice Production system (com-AIP system), was filled by both silica gel (SG) and activated carbon (AC) together in one adsorption reactor as the adsorbent and methanol as the adsorbate and refrigerant. A fined-tube heat exchanger was designed (named combined adsorption reactor) in order to contain two different adsorbents in the adsorption reactor and increase the heat transfer ability between the particles of adsorbents and heat exchanger fins. As a result the input energy required from the external heat source is saved and the coefficient of performance COP of the com-AIP system is improved. The mass flow rate of refrigerant ! m ref increases and consequently, the refrigeration energy Qe rises too. A cycle simulation computer program of this innovative bed was developed to analyze the refrigeration energy and COP variations by varying heat transfer fluid (hot, cooling and chilled water) inlet temperatures and adsorption/desorption cycle time. The transient behavior of heat and mass transfer fluids has been also studied. Under the standard test conditions of 100 °C hot water, 24 °C cooling water, and 15 °C chilled water inlet temperatures, the simulation results showed that the amount of the ice produced per cycle of 5.34 kg and 0.73 COP can be achieved from the com-AIP system. It was found that the system performance is very much sensitive to the mass flow rate of the refrigerant. The cycle time of the system is not dependent on the amount of the adsorbents but is strongly dependent on driven temperature of heat exchange fluid and the design of the heat exchanger. The com-adsorption reactor allows using the advantages of physical properties of both adsorbents SG and AC. Consequently, this innovative com-AIP system utilizes effectively low-temperature heat sources of temperature between 65 and 100 °C, because of the inferior thermodynamic properties of methanol and the low regeneration temperature from silica gel and activated carbon as adsorbents.

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“…Recently, solar-powered adsorption chillers have attracted increasing attention because of the use of environmentally benign refrigerants such as water with zero ozone depletion potential, and ability to be driven by any type of low-grade thermal energy source. Silica gel-water adsorption chillers are more favorited for low-temperature solar energy under 80 • C which can be obtained using flat-plate solar collectors (FPC), evacuated tube solar collectors (ETC) or compound parabolic collectors (CPC) [2][3][4]. Although solar-powered adsorption chillers have a very promising future, this technology is not yet widely commercialized due to low system coefficient of performance (COP) and high manufacturing cost of the chiller [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic and Economic Investigation of a Solar Thermal-Driven Two-Bed Adsorption Chiller under Perth Climatic Conditions

2020

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Performance assessment of a two-bed silica gel-water adsorption refrigeration system driven by solar thermal energy is carried out under a climatic condition typical of Perth, Australia. A Fourier series is used to simulate solar radiation based on the actual data obtained from Meteonorm software, version 7.0 for Perth, Australia. Two economic methodologies, Payback Period and Life-Cycle Saving are used to evaluate the system economics and optimize the need for solar collector areas. The analysis showed that the order of Fourier series did not have a significant impact on the simulation radiation data and a three-order Fourier series was good enough to approximate the actual solar radiation. For a typical summer day, the average cooling capacity of the chiller at peak hour (13:00) is around 11 kW while the cyclic chiller system coefficient of performance (COP) and solar system COP are around 0.5 and 0.3, respectively. The economic analysis showed that the payback period for the solar adsorption system studied was about 11 years and the optimal solar collector area was around 38 m2 if a compound parabolic collector (CPC) panel was used. The study indicated that the utilization of the solar-driven adsorption cooling is economically and technically viable for weather conditions like those in Perth, Australia.

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A review on the equations of state for the working pairs used in adsorption cooling systems

Cited by 62 publications

References 97 publications

Toward a Sustainable Decentralized Water Supply: Review of Adsorption Desorption Desalination (ADD) and Current Technologies: Saudi Arabia (SA) as a Case Study

Toward a Sustainable Decentralized Water Supply: Review of Adsorption Desorption Desalination (ADD) and Current Technologies: Saudi Arabia (SA) as a Case Study

Energy Analysis and Modeling Study of Combined Activated Carbon-Silica Gel/Methanol Adsorption Ice Production System

Dynamic and Economic Investigation of a Solar Thermal-Driven Two-Bed Adsorption Chiller under Perth Climatic Conditions

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