A review on the electrochemical production of chlorine dioxide from chlorates and hydrogen peroxide

Monteiro, Mayra Kerolly Sales; Monteiro, Mayara Maria Sales; Henrique, André Miller de Melo; Llanos, Javier; Sáez, Cristina; Santos, Elisama Vieira dos; Rodrigo, Manuel A.

doi:10.1016/j.coelec.2020.100685

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Thus, in the last few years, H 2 O 2 has been applied for the production of chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) via its reaction with sodium chlorate in a concentrated acid solution such as sulfuric acid, according to eq 3 . 21 From an environmental point of view, ClO 2 is used as an oxidizing agent for different applications such as water purification, medical treatment, sanitation, grease bleaching, aquaculture, and so forth. 22 Also, ClO 2 has delivered excellent performance in disinfection of drinking water because of its good properties such as no deterioration with increasing pH, which prevents the formation of chlorinated organic compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Production of Hydrogen Peroxide in Perchloric Acid Supporting Electrolytes for the Synthesis of Chlorine Dioxide

Monteiro

Moratalla

Sáez

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This work focuses on the electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide in supporting electrolytes containing perchlorate ions for being used as a reagent in the reduction of chlorates to produce chlorine dioxide, as a first step in the manufacture of portable ClO 2 production devices. This study evaluates the effect of the current density, pressure, and temperature on the production of hydrogen peroxide, and concentrations over 400 mg L –1 are reached. The average rate for the formation of hydrogen peroxide is 9.85 mg h –1 , and the effect of increasing electrolyte concentration (3.0 and 30.0 g L –1 perchloric acid), intensity, and pressure results in values of, respectively, −2.99, −4.49, and +7.73 mg h –1 . During the manufacturing process, hydrogen peroxide is decomposed through two mechanisms. The average destruction rate is 1.93 mg h –1 , and the effects of the three factors results in values of, respectively, +0.07, +0.11, and −0.12 mg h –1 . Solutions of this hydrogen peroxide produced electrochemically in a perchloric acid aqueous electrolyte were used to reduce chlorates in strongly acidic media and produce chlorine dioxide. Conversions of around 100% were obtained, demonstrating that this electrochemical product can be used efficiently to reduce chlorates to chlorine dioxide.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Production of Hydrogen Peroxide in Perchloric Acid Supporting Electrolytes for the Synthesis of Chlorine Dioxide

Monteiro

Moratalla

Sáez

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…However, the process efficiency is very dependent on the nature of the electrodes, and the concentration and type of supporting electrolyte [4] . Moreover, in presence of chloride ions organochlorinated/toxic byproducts can be formed in electrochemical AOPs [12] , [13] , which restricts the operation conditions for applying such techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review on the sonochemical degradation of organic pollutants in urine, seawater, and mineral water

Serna-Galvis

Porras

Torres-Palma

2022

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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Highlights Sonodegradation of organic pollutants in ions-rich matrices is critically reviewed. Ultrasound is able to degrade pollutants of diverse nature in ions-rich matrices. Low concentrations of contaminants favor degradation in mineral water and seawater. Efficient pollutants sonodegradation in mineral water or seawater but action in urine is limited. Ecotoxicity and transformations after ultrasound action on matrices must be tested.

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“…It shows important advantages with respect to chlorine, because of its higher efficiency and the nil formation of chlorinated organics during its application to water samples containing organics [7]. Because of that, its use in the disinfection of drinking water is increasing and, currently, it has been proposed for new applications, such as the disinfection of surfaces [7][8][9][10], in trying to find an effective solution to the transmission of COVID-19 [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full and Sustainable Electrochemical Production of Chlorine Dioxide

et al. 2022

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With the final purpose of manufacturing electrochemically-based devices that produce chloride dioxide efficiently, this paper focuses on the production of chlorates and hydrogen peroxide in two different electrochemical cells, in which operation conditions are selected to obtain high efficiencies, and in the subsequent combination of both electrochemically manufactured solutions to produce chlorine dioxide. Results demonstrate that suitable reagents can be produced by electrolyzing 20 g L−1 sodium chloride solutions at 50 mA cm−2 and 50 °C, and 3000 mg L−1 NaClO4 solutions at 5.0 mA cm−2 and 15 °C with current efficiencies of 30.9% and 48.0%, respectively. Different tests performed with these electrolyzed solutions, and also with commercial hydrogen peroxide and chlorate solutions, demonstrate that the ratio between both reagents plays a very important role in the efficiency in the production of chlorine dioxide. Results clearly showed that, surplus chlorate should be contained in the reagent media to prevent further reduction of chlorine dioxide by hydrogen peroxide and consequently, loses of efficiency in the process. During the reaction, a gas with a high oxidation capacity and consisting mainly in chloride dioxide is produced. The results contributed to the maximum conversion reached being 89.65% using electrolyzed solutions as precursors of ClO2, confirming that this technology can be promising to manufacture portable ClO2 devices.

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A review on the electrochemical production of chlorine dioxide from chlorates and hydrogen peroxide

Cited by 25 publications

References 61 publications

Electrochemical Production of Hydrogen Peroxide in Perchloric Acid Supporting Electrolytes for the Synthesis of Chlorine Dioxide

Electrochemical Production of Hydrogen Peroxide in Perchloric Acid Supporting Electrolytes for the Synthesis of Chlorine Dioxide

A critical review on the sonochemical degradation of organic pollutants in urine, seawater, and mineral water

Full and Sustainable Electrochemical Production of Chlorine Dioxide

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