A review on the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on cytokines of innate and adaptive immunity

Mahaki, Hanie; Tanzadehpanah, Hamid; Jabarivasal, Naghi; Sardanian, Khosro; Zamani, Alireza

doi:10.1080/15368378.2018.1545668

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…EMFs can promote inflammatory state, increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α [ 25 , 53 , 54 ]. Moreover, EMF exposure 2 h/day for 1 month produces a decrease of IL-4 production in rat serum [ 55 ]. Thus, sleeping on an EMF avoiding system decreases the levels of these pro-inflammatory cytokines and increases the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, released in basal conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of a bed with an insulating system of electromagnetic fields improves immune function, redox and inflammatory states, and decrease the rate of aging

et al. 2020

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Background The immune system, as a homeostatic system, is an excellent marker of health and has also been proposed as an indicator of the rate of aging. The base of the age-related changes in the immune system, “immunosenescence”, is oxidative-inflammatory stress. Studies have shown that long-term exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) produced by technology causes inhibitory effects on the immune response and increases oxidation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of resting on an EMF-insulated system on several immune functions, the oxidative-inflammatory state and subsequently the rate of aging (biological age). Methods Several immune functions, in peripheral blood neutrophils and mononuclear cells, of 31 volunteers were analyzed before and after 2 months of using a bed with the patented HOGO system, which insulated participants against EMFs. Several oxidative and inflammatory parameters, in whole blood cells, were also studied. The biological age was calculated using a mathematical formula, which was based on several immune function parameters. A placebo group of 11 people using beds without that property were used as a control. Results The results showed a significant improvement of immune functions and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defenses after using the HOGO system for 2 months. In addition, a decrease in oxidants and pro-inflammatory compounds, a lowering of oxidative damage in lipids and in DNA as well as a reduction of calculated biological age was also observed. The placebo group did not show any changes. Conclusions In conclusion, 2 months of resting on a bed insulated from EMFs demonstrates improvement in immune function, oxidative-inflammatory state and biological age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of a bed with an insulating system of electromagnetic fields improves immune function, redox and inflammatory states, and decrease the rate of aging

et al. 2020

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“…The community for ELF in health as well as being the largest, is the most-researched at present and the one with the most work developed in 2019. The trend of these investigations is aimed at determining the most accurate way for possible effects of ELF fields on the body, either at the level cellular [8], on hematological parameters [112], or the immunity system [35]. A topic of special interest today is the relationship between ELF exposure and the development of relatively modern diseases such as sclerosis [113], stress, or depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the large number of studies carried out, the relationship of the effects of exposure to ELF fields has not yielded conclusive data, most have problems related to the existence of interference, or the inability to accurately reproduce the conditions of some studies compared to others. Therefore, this issue is unresolved and needs further advanced research [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the Knowledge, Application and Influence of Extremely Low Frequency Signals

et al. 2020

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This paper describes the characteristics of contributions made by researchers worldwide in the field of ELF (extremely low frequency) waves from 1957 to 2019. The data were collected through the Scopus database and processed with analytical and bibliometric techniques. The selection of the keywords is an essential step, because ELF has a very different meaning in some areas of medicine, where it is associated with a gene. A total of 12,436 documents were worked on in 12 thematic communities according to their collaborative relationships between authors and documents. Studies included authors publishing in the different thematic areas and the country where the USA stands first with more researchers in this theme than China and Japan. Documents were analyzed from the temporal perspective, their overall contribution, means of publication, and the language of the publication. Research requires extra effort and multidisciplinary collaboration to improve the knowledge, the application, and influence of these fields.

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“…Some of the documented RF-induced biological effects include changes in induction of HSPs 20 , decreased endogenous antioxidants 21 , reduced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and protein kinase C (PKC) activities 22 , alteration of intracellular calcium concentration 23 , effects on spatial memory [24][25] , changes in blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability 26 , genotoxicity and DNA strand breakage 27,28 . It has been shown that short-term (2-24 h/d up to a week) exposure of extremely low frequency-EMF may increase innate immune response, whereas long-term (2-24 h/d up to 8 yrs) exposure may lead to decrease in adaptive immune response 29 . To surmise, both RF-induced thermal and nonthermal effects confer their biological consequences through different mechanisms.…”

Section: Non-thermal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Radiofrequency Radiation with Biological Systems A Comprehensive Update on Recent Challenges

2019

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Rapid advancement of radiofrequency (RF)-driven technologies has greatly affected our everyday lives. Increasing evidence led by in-vitro, in-vivo studies, epidemiological and clinical trials indicates that RF interacts considerably well with biological systems in various ways depending on different exposure parameters and properties of biological materials. Besides their innumerable benefits in different sectors of commercial and military fields, they can induce alterations in many physiological functions of the body, which may culminate into adverse human health consequences. The present article explicitly addresses the RF-based technologies and their applications, fundamentals of RF energy interaction with biological systems, exposure parameters, and dosimetry studies along with thermal and non-thermal effects on different vital organs at molecular and cellular levels. Further, this article outlines the limitations of RF-induced biological effect studies, status of risk assessment, safety levels and its future perspectives.

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A review on the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on cytokines of innate and adaptive immunity

Cited by 36 publications

References 70 publications

The use of a bed with an insulating system of electromagnetic fields improves immune function, redox and inflammatory states, and decrease the rate of aging

The use of a bed with an insulating system of electromagnetic fields improves immune function, redox and inflammatory states, and decrease the rate of aging

Progress in the Knowledge, Application and Influence of Extremely Low Frequency Signals

Interaction of Radiofrequency Radiation with Biological Systems A Comprehensive Update on Recent Challenges

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