A review on the DNA methyltransferase family of insects: Aspect and prospects

Kausar, Saima; Abbas, Muhammad Nadeem; Cui, Hongjuan

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.205

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…Unlike mammals, where DNA methylation has extensively been reported, many insect species have been shown to be devoid of the DNA-methylation process [ 22 ]. When it comes to most insect species, there is currently a dearth of literature relating to the existence of this epigenetic phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection causes fast methylation of host DNA at distal enhancer elements and associated chromatin remodeling [ 45 ]. Kausar et al [ 22 ] recently reviewed that, despite the fact that DNA methylation levels in insects are low, DNA methylation has the ability to modify a variety of physiological processes, including the innate immune system. From these epigenetic effects of microbial infections and subsequent modification of the innate immune response, it is clear that DNA methylation plays a role in the interactions between host and pathogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing studies on different insect species, e.g., Bombyx mori, Tribolium castaneum, Drosophila melanogaster , and Nasonia vitripennis [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], show that DNA methylation exists in the insect genome [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. DNA methylation has been linked to immunity, aging, evolution, memory, and caste determination modulation in bees and other insect species [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptome Sequencing Highlights the Regulatory Role of DNA Methylation in Immune-Related Genes’ Expression of Chinese Oak Silkworm, Antheraea pernyi

Kausar

Liu

Gul

et al. 2022

Insects

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Antheraea pernyi is an important lepidopteran used as a model insect species to investigate immune responses, development, and metabolism modulation. DNA methylation has recently been found to control various physiological processes throughout the life of animals; however, DNA methylation and its effect on the physiology of insects have been poorly investigated so far. In the present study, to better understand DNA methylation and its biological role in the immune system, we analyzed transcriptome profiles of A. pernyi pupae following DNA methylation inhibitor injection and Gram-positive bacteria stimulation. We then compared the profiles with a control group. We identified a total of 55,131 unigenes from the RNA sequence data. A comparison of unigene expression profiles showed that a total of 680 were up-regulated and 631 unigenes were down-regulated in the DNA-methylation-inhibition-bacteria-infected group compared to the control group (only bacteria-injected pupae), respectively. Here, we focused on the immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and screened 10 genes that contribute to immune responses with an up-regulation trend, suggesting that microbial pathogens evade host immunity by increasing DNA methylation of the host genome. Furthermore, several other unigenes related to other pathways were also changed, as shown in the KEGG analysis. Taken together, our data revealed that DNA methylation seems to play a crucial biological role in the regulation of gene expression in insects, and that infection may enhance the host genome DNA methylation by a yet-unknown mechanism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptome Sequencing Highlights the Regulatory Role of DNA Methylation in Immune-Related Genes’ Expression of Chinese Oak Silkworm, Antheraea pernyi

Kausar

Liu

Gul

et al. 2022

Insects

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“…These independently encoded proteins are divided into generating DNA methylases (DNMT3a and DNMT3b) and maintaining DNA methylases (DNMT1). DNMT2 and DNMT3L are not considered cytosine methyltransferases ( 44 ). DNMT3L, on the other hand, has been shown to stimulate de novo DNA methylation via DNMT3a and to mediate transcriptional repression via interaction with histone deacetylase 1 ( 45 ).…”

Section: Epigenetic In Tumor Progression and Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic modification regulates tumor progression and metastasis through EMT (Review)

et al. 2022

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Epigenetics is the study of heritable molecular determinants that are independent of phenotypic features. The epigenetic features include DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, and chromatin remodeling. In multicellular organisms, the epigenetic state of a cell is critical in determining its differentiation status and its ability to perform its proper function. These processes are now well recognized as being a substantial factor in tumor progression and metastasis. The process through which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal features is known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is associated with tumorigenesis, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to therapy in cancer. In the present review, we examine the recent studies that demonstrate the biological role of epigenetics, in particular, DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, and chromatin remodeling in tumor progression and metastasis by regulating EMT status, and we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the epigenetics involvement in tumor progression and metastasis. Because epigenetic changes can be reversed, learning more about their biological roles in EMT will not only help us better understand how cancer progresses and spreads, but it will also help us identify new ways to diagnose and treat human malignancy which is currently lacking in the clinical setting.

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“…In the living organisms lacking DNMT-3, including silkworms and beetles, DNMT-1 appears to be a de novo and maintenance DNMT. DNA methylation regulates various physiological processes in insects, such as immunity, memory, aging evolution, and others ( 17 – 21 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Identification of Two DNA Methyltransferase Genes and Their Functional Characterization in the Anti-Bacterial Immunity of Antheraea pernyi

et al. 2022

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Under different physiological conditions, such as microbial infection, epigenetic mechanisms regulate genes at the transcription level in living organisms. DNA methylation is a type of epigenetic mechanism in which DNA methyltransferases modify the expression of target genes. Here, we identified a full-length sequence of DNMT-1 and DNMT-2 from the Chinese oak silkworm, A. pernyi, which was highly similar to the homologous sequences of Bombyx mori. ApDNMT-1 and ApDNMT-2 have unique domain architectures of insect DNMTs, highlighting their conserved functions in A. pernyi. ApDNMT-1 and ApDNMT-2 were found to be widely expressed in various tissues, with the highest levels of expression in hemocytes, the ovary, testis, and fat bodies. To understand the biological role of these genes in microbial resistance, we challenged the fifth instar larvae of A. pernyi by administrating Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The results revealed that transcript levels of ApDNMT-1 and ApDNMT-2 were increased compared to the control group. The inhibition of these genes by a DNMTs inhibitor [5-azacytidine (5-AZA)] significantly reduced bacterial replication and larvae mortality. In addition, 5-AZA treatment modified the expression patterns of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the A. pernyi larvae. Our results suggest that ApDNMT-1 and ApDNMT-2 seem to have a crucial role in innate immunity, mediating antimicrobial peptide responses against bacterial infection in A. pernyi.

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A review on the DNA methyltransferase family of insects: Aspect and prospects

Cited by 31 publications

References 141 publications

Transcriptome Sequencing Highlights the Regulatory Role of DNA Methylation in Immune-Related Genes’ Expression of Chinese Oak Silkworm, Antheraea pernyi

Transcriptome Sequencing Highlights the Regulatory Role of DNA Methylation in Immune-Related Genes’ Expression of Chinese Oak Silkworm, Antheraea pernyi

Epigenetic modification regulates tumor progression and metastasis through EMT (Review)

Molecular Identification of Two DNA Methyltransferase Genes and Their Functional Characterization in the Anti-Bacterial Immunity of Antheraea pernyi

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