A review on the development of lead-free ferroelectric energy-storage ceramics and multilayer capacitors

Abstract

Energy storage materials and their applications have been attracted the attention among both academic and industry communities. Over last few decades, extensive efforts have been put on the development of...

NaNbO3‐(Bi0.5Li0.5)TiO3 Lead‐Free Relaxor Ferroelectric Capacitors with Superior Energy‐Storage Performances via Multiple Synergistic Design

“…At the same time, the η value is enhanced by ≈3.8%. In contrast to many other reported lead-free relaxor FE ceramics, [3,8,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] the 0.68NN-0.32BLT ceramic achieves giant W rec (≈8.73 J cm -3 ) and high η (≈80.1%) values simultaneously owing to the large P max , high E B , and liner-like polarization-field response, showing enormous potentials for the application in pulsed power capacitors.…”

“…Therefore, antiferroelectric (AFE) and relaxor ferroelectric (FE) materials exhibit great potentials for energy-storage applications. [5][6][7][8][9][10] As shown in Figure 1a, ultrahigh W rec values have been achieved in NaNbO 3 (NN) and AgNbO 3 (AN)-based lead-free AFE ceramics through introducing relaxor behavior, yet the large polarization hysteresis from the inevitable field-induced AFE-FE phase transition leads to low η values. [7,[11][12][13][14][15][16] Owing to the extremely low energy loss, lead-free relaxor FE ceramics based on BaTiO 3 (BT), (Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 ) TiO 3 (BNT), BiFeO 3 (BF), and (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )NbO 3 (KNN), etc., have been actively studied in the last few years.…”

“…[7,[11][12][13][14][15][16] Owing to the extremely low energy loss, lead-free relaxor FE ceramics based on BaTiO 3 (BT), (Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 ) TiO 3 (BNT), BiFeO 3 (BF), and (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )NbO 3 (KNN), etc., have been actively studied in the last few years. [3,[8][9][10][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Nevertheless, the obtained W rec values are generally lower than 5 J cm -3 together with η values >80%. The low E B value has been recognized as a very important reason for relaxor FEs.…”

“…[6,11,32] However, even enough high E B values over 40 kV mm -1 have been realized in some studies, W rec values are still lower than 7 J cm -3 , basically because of relatively low P max values and early polarization saturation. [3,8,25,27,29] Moreover, a delicate balance between different property parameters in theory obviously limits the development of energy-storage dielectrics with excellent comprehensive performances. As can be found in Figure 1b, the W rec value of most lead-free relaxor FE ceramics has an approximately linear relationship with the testable electric field, demonstrating that discovering methods to improve the achievable P max and optimize the shape of the P-E curves is important.…”

Dielectric temperature stability and energy storage performance of NBT‐based ceramics by introducing high‐entropy oxide

“…It is obvious to see that all the compositions exhibit a high breakdown electric field ( E b > 200 kV/cm), and the Weibull distribution of (1− x )NBT– x SZSHTN ceramics further demonstrates the reliability of the tests as all the β s (shape parameters, the slope of the fitted lines) are above 8 (8.0, 12.3, 12.6, 10.2, 20.2 from x = 0.15 to 0.35), as plotted in Figure 4B. The energy storage performance is calculated according to the following three basic equations: $$\begin{equation}{\rm{\ }}{W_{{\rm{st}}}} = \mathop \int \limits_0^{{P_{{\rm{max}}}}} EdP\end{equation}$$ $$\begin{equation}{\rm{\ }}{W_{{\rm{rec}}}} = \mathop \int \limits_{{P_r}}^{{P_{{\rm{max}}}}} EdP\end{equation}$$ $$\begin{equation}{\rm{\ }}\eta = \frac{{{W_{{\rm{rec}}}}}}{{{W_{{\rm{st}}}}}}\ \times 100\% \end{equation}$$where W st , W rec , η , P max , P r , E are the stored energy density, recoverable energy density, energy conversion efficiency, maximum polarization, remanent polarization and electric field, respectively 2,53,54 . Figure 4C shows the calculated energy storage performance of (1− x )NBT– x SZSHTN ceramics.…”