A Review on the Development of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Pome) Final Discharge Polishing Treatments

Hayawin, Z. Nahrul; Jalani, Nor Faizah; Mamat, R.; Astimar, A. A.

doi:10.21894/jopr.2017.00012

Cited by 68 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Even though P. purpureum is commonly used in phytoremediation of wastewater (including POME FD), no such study regarding the effects of the POME FD on the plant's properties can be found. As POME FD contains significant amounts of nutrients (e.g., calcium, copper, magnesium, iron) and heavy metals (e.g., aluminium, arsenic, nickel), it could affect the application potential of the P. purpureum post-harvest, such as animal feed and biofuel production 16 . Therefore, in this study, P. purpureum was used as a phytoremediator to remediate POME FD and the growth performance of this grass grown on POME FD was evaluated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Final Discharge on the Characteristics of Pennisetum purpureum

Osman

Ujang

Roslan

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Phytoremediation is one of the environmental-friendly and cost-effective systems for the treatment of wastewater, including industrial wastewater such as palm oil mill effluent final discharge (POME FD). However, the effects of the wastewater on the phytoremediator plants, in term of growth performance, lignocellulosic composition, and the presence of nutrients and heavy metals in the plants are not yet well studied. In the present work, we demonstrated that POME FD increased the growth of P. purpureum. The height increment of P. purpureum supplied with POME FD (treatment) was 61.72% as compared to those supplied with rain water (control) which was 14.42%. For lignocellulosic composition, the cellulose percentages were 38.77 ± 0.29% (treatment) and 34.16 ± 1.01% (control), and the difference was significant. These results indicated that POME FD could be a source of plant nutrients, which P. purpureum can absorb for growth. It was also found that the heavy metals (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb) inside the plant were below the standard limit of the World Health Organization (WHO). Since POME FD was shown to have no adverse effects on P. purpureum, further research regarding the potential application of P. purpureum following phytoremediation of POME FD such as biofuel production is warranted to evaluate its potential use to fit into the waste-to-wealth agenda. Pollution of soil and water caused by wastewater is one of the major global threats that our environment is facing today. One of the wastewater source is palm oil mill effluent final discharge (POME FD), which is a by-product of palm oil extraction process. Since Malaysia is the world's second largest producer and exporter of palm oil, thus, a large amount of POME is generate annually 1. It is estimated that for every tonne of crude palm oil produced, about 2.5 to 3.5 tonne of POME is generated 2. POME is considered as the main source of water pollution in Malaysia due to the high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) that causes a reduction of the biodiversity and ability of aquatic ecosystem 3,4. Furthermore, the damages to the river cannot be undone easily. Since POME is generated in huge amounts at a time, it is very difficult to manage, and the treatment of this wastewater is expensive. Consequently, the cheapest and easiest way for this wastewater disposal that have been practiced in Malaysia is by discharging the treated POME to the nearby river or stream 2,5,6. However, Madaki and Seng 7 noted that even treated POME (POME FD) still poses adverse effects on the environment; an observation also supported by the findings of Ibrahim et al. 8. This is due to it still containing significant amount of organic matter. For that reasons, Ujang et al. 9 has decided to further treat the POME FD using Napier grass constructed wetland in a process called phytoremediation, and thus, achieved 71.57% of COD and 83.59% of total suspended solid (TSS) reduction. Phytoremediation is a process where plant naturally degrade, remove, or immobilize ...

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The effect of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Final Discharge on the Characteristics of Pennisetum purpureum

Osman

Ujang

Roslan

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Therefore, de-sludging is required when the sludge is more than one-third of the pond. About 85% of the palm oil mills that POME in Malaysia adopted ponding system because it is inexpensive, low capital, simple and easy to handle [14]. The palm oil industry is widely favored to the ponding system as only clay lining of ponds is needed and can be constructed easily by excavating hence low marginal cost [4].…”

Section: Conventional Methods In Pome Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are incidents which reported that the digester burst and collapsed [13]. Typical configuration for ponding treatment system for POME [14]. Extended aeration is to complement the previous conventional treatment system, which shown in Figure 6.…”

Section: Conventional Methods In Pome Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Chitosan as Natural Coagulant in Oil Palm Mill Effluent Treatment

Lee¹,

Lee²

2021

Promising Techniques for Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Assessment

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This chapter presents the study on pollutant removal in palm oil mill effluent using chitosan as natural coagulant. Up until today, palm oil mill effluent (POME) considered one of the significant sources of environmental pollution. The characteristics of POME include contaminating the source of drinking water, which also harmful to the aquatic ecosystem by creating a highly acidic environment or causing eutrophication. With increasing public awareness of environmental pollution, it creates the need to address this issue. Chitosan is non-polluting food-based anionic and biodegradable biopolymer that are environmentally friendly useful in wastewater treatment. The critical parameter to determine the effectiveness of pollutants removal is chemical oxygen demand, color, and total suspended solids. This chapter also presents and discusses some of the significant findings to provide proper understandings and implications in this topic.

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“…Despite going through multiple stages of biological treatment, POME final discharge still has high colour intensity in excess of 500 ADMI (American Dye Manufacturers Index) [34]. The high colour intensity of POME is due to the high organic loading especially organic substances like lignin, tannin, humic acids and carotene which are known colour causing agents [41]. Since POME final discharge is typically channelled to open waterways, this dark brown colloidal wastewater will significantly affect the water clarity of rivers.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Pomementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Photocatalytic Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME): A Review

Charles¹,

Cheng²

2018

IJET

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Palm oil mill effluent (POME) pollution is a serious issue that has gained the attention of an international audience including policy makers, mill owners, NGOs and academicians. With a production rate of 74 million metric tonnes a year, Malaysia is in dire need for new technologies able to address this mounting problem. While previous research has attempted to modify existing microbial driven organic degradation methods to optimize the organic load removal, new studies recognize the futility in this endeavour as mills are unwilling to change the way they operate and adopt these disruptive technologies. Instead current research aims at tertiary polishing technologies of which photocatalysis has emerged as a forerunner. Recent advances indicate photocatalytic treatment of POME is a viable solution to the problem but for it to be cost effective, future studies should focus on visible light driven processes and new reactor configurations to improve the photocatalytic activity of existing systems.

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A Review on the Development of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Pome) Final Discharge Polishing Treatments

Cited by 68 publications

References 21 publications

The effect of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Final Discharge on the Characteristics of Pennisetum purpureum

The effect of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Final Discharge on the Characteristics of Pennisetum purpureum

Performance of Chitosan as Natural Coagulant in Oil Palm Mill Effluent Treatment

Recent Advances in Photocatalytic Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME): A Review

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