A review on the critical and rare metals distribution throughout the Vertiskos Unit, N.Greece

Stergiou, Christos L.; Melfos, Vasilios; Voudouris, Panagiotis

doi:10.3390/iecms2018-05453

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The Kilkis and the Kassandra mining district are highlighted. The geological details of Vathi deposit are shown in Figure 3 (modified after [6,[13][14][15][16]19,20]).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both metallogenic provinces are two of the most promising regions for ore exploration projects in southeastern Europe [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Throughout the Greek part of the SMMP, several deposits and prospects are enriched in Cu and Au as well as in several critical metals and metalloids, such as Sb, W, Te, Bi, Ga, Co, Ag, rare earth elements (REE; e.g., La, Ce, Gd), and platinum group metals (PGM; e.g., Pd, Pt, Ru) [5,6,[10][11][12][13][14][15] (Figure 1). La, Ce, Gd), and platinum group metals (PGM; e.g., Pd, Pt, Ru) [5,6,[10][11][12][13][14][15] (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Geology, Geochemistry, and Origin of the Porphyry Cu-Au-(Mo) System at Vathi, Serbo-Macedonian Massif, Greece

et al. 2021

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The Vathi porphyry Cu-Au ± Mo mineralization is located in the Serbo-Macedonian metallogenic province of the Western Tethyan Metallogenic Belt. It is mainly hosted by a latite and is genetically associated with a quartz monzonite intrusion, which intruded the basement rocks of the Vertiskos Unit and the latite, 18 to 17 Ma ago. A phreatic breccia crosscuts the latite. The quartz monzonite was affected by potassic alteration, whereas the latite was subjected to local propylitic alteration. Both styles of alteration were subsequently overprinted by intense sericitic alteration. M-type and A-type veins are spatially associated with potassic alteration, whereas D-type veins are related to the sericitic alteration. Three ore assemblages are associated with the porphyry stage: (1) pyrite + chalcopyrite + bornite + molybdenite + magnetite associated with potassic alteration; (2) pyrite + chalcopyrite related to propylitic alteration; and (3) pyrite + chalcopyrite + native gold ± tetradymite associated with sericitic alteration. A fourth assemblage consisting of sphalerite + galena + arsenopyrite + pyrrhotite + pyrite ± stibnite ± tennantite is related to an epithermal overprint. Fluid inclusion data indicate that the A-type veins and related porphyry-style mineralization formed at 390–540 °C and pressures of up to 646 bars (<2.6 km depth) from boiling hydrothermal fluids. A later condensation of vapor-rich inclusions resulted in a moderately saline fluid (8.4–11.2 wt % NaCl equiv) at temperatures between 311 and 392 °C, which were related to sericitic alteration, D-type veins, and associated metallic mineralization. Subsequent dilution of the moderately saline fluid at lower temperatures (205–259 °C) produced a less saline (1.4–2.9 wt % NaCl equiv.) fluid, which is likely associated with the late epithermal overprint.

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“…The Kilkis and the Kassandra mining district are highlighted. The geological details of Vathi deposit are shown in Figure 3 (modified after [6,[13][14][15][16]19,20]).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geology, Geochemistry, and Origin of the Porphyry Cu-Au-(Mo) System at Vathi, Serbo-Macedonian Massif, Greece

et al. 2021

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“…The Vertiskos Unit of the Serbomacedonian massif (SMM) hosts several Oligocene-Miocene ore deposits and mineralization occurrences. Some of these contain significant amounts of metals such as Sb, Bi, Te, Co, REEs and PGMs (Stergiou et al, 2018). At the northern part of the SMM there are porphyry-epithermal (Vathi, Palatiano, Gerakario, Pontokerasia, Doirani), skarn/carbonate replacement (Myriofyto, Petrades, Monolithi) and epithermal vein-ore-type (Rodonas) occurrences (Figs.…”

Section: Greecementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geologic map showing the spatial development of the SRMB across the SE Balkan Peninsula. Major ore districts are highlighted(Stergiou et al, 2018).The Madan vein-and skarn-type deposit(Figs. 1, 3) comprises the largest and richest Pb-Zn ore accumulation of the Rhodope Massif.…”

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Sb- Bi-Bearing Metallogeny of the SerboMacedonian-Rhodope Metallogenic Belt (SRMB)

Tsirambides

Filippidis

2019

geosociety

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Various types of deposits such as carbonate-replacement Pb-Zn-Ag-Au, porphyry Cu-Mo-Au, stratiform volcano-sedimentary, isolated magmatic-hydrothermal and skarns compose the Serbomacedonian-Rhodope Metallogenic Belt (SRMB), which intersects with a NNW-SSE trend the Balkan Peninsula. This arcuate belt is about 500 km long and 130-180 km wide. Sb-Bi alloys and Ag-Cu-Pb-Sb-Bi sulfosalts have been discovered in some metal assemblages in the SRMB. The European Union (EU) is highly dependent on critical and rare metals, such as Sb and Bi, which are very important for a sustainable development. Greece is one of the EU countries with the most potential for supplying the strategic metal Sb in the future, since it hosts a significant ore deposit at Rizana/Lachanas (central Macedonia). Here, the stibnite reserves are 5,000 t (proven) and 50,000-100,000 t (indicated). Both have average Sb=0.3 wt%. In addition, at the same district, there are 1000 t (proven) of wolframite. Another promising Sb-bearing mineral assemblage exists at Alshar (North Macedonia). Here, the stibnite reserves are >20,000 t (indicated) with average Sb=0.5 wt%. At both mineralization districts further investigations are needed to determine the grade and the proven reserves of the critical metal Sb. Until today none encouraging site has been located in the SRMB for remarkable Bi-bearing ore.

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“…The 2020 European Union critical raw materials (CRM) list includes the following metals: Be, Bi, Co, Ga, Ge, Hf, In, Li, Nb, Sb, Sc, Sr, Ta, Ti, V, W, REE, and PGE [5]. [35,38,42,53,55,56]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare and Critical Metals in Pyrite, Chalcopyrite, Magnetite, and Titanite from the Vathi Porphyry Cu-Au±Mo Deposit, Northern Greece

et al. 2021

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The Vathi porphyry Cu-Au±Mo deposit is located in the Kilkis ore district, northern Greece. Hydrothermally altered and mineralized samples of latite and quartz monzonite are enriched with numerous rare and critical metals. The present study focuses on the bulk geochemistry and the mineral chemistry of pyrite, chalcopyrite, magnetite, and titanite. Pyrite and chalcopyrite are the most abundant ore minerals at Vathi and are related to potassic, propylitic, and sericitic hydrothermal alterations (A- and D-veins), as well as to the late-stage epithermal overprint (E-veins). Magnetite and titanite are found mainly in M-type veins and as disseminations in the potassic-calcic alteration of quartz monzonite. Disseminated magnetite is also present in the potassic alteration in latite, which is overprinted by sericitic alteration. Scanning electron microscopy and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of pyrite and chalcopyrite reveal the presence of pyrrhotite, galena, and Bi-telluride inclusions in pyrite and enrichments of Ag, Co, Sb, Se, and Ti. Chalcopyrite hosts bornite, sphalerite, galena, and Bi-sulfosalt inclusions and is enriched with Ag, In, and Ti. Inclusions of wittichenite, tetradymite, and cuprobismutite reflect enrichments of Te and Bi in the mineralizing fluids. Native gold is related to A- and D-type veins and is found as nano-inclusions in pyrite. Titanite inclusions characterize magnetite, whereas titanite is a major host of Ce, Gd, La, Nd, Sm, Th, and W.

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A review on the critical and rare metals distribution throughout the Vertiskos Unit, N.Greece

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

The Geology, Geochemistry, and Origin of the Porphyry Cu-Au-(Mo) System at Vathi, Serbo-Macedonian Massif, Greece

The Geology, Geochemistry, and Origin of the Porphyry Cu-Au-(Mo) System at Vathi, Serbo-Macedonian Massif, Greece

Sb- Bi-Bearing Metallogeny of the SerboMacedonian-Rhodope Metallogenic Belt (SRMB)

Rare and Critical Metals in Pyrite, Chalcopyrite, Magnetite, and Titanite from the Vathi Porphyry Cu-Au±Mo Deposit, Northern Greece

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