A review on the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived phenolic compounds and the conversion of raw lignin to hydrocarbon liquid fuels

Development of bimetallic nickel-based catalysts supported on activated carbon for green fuel production

“…3,4 Recently, biomass-derived triglyceride-based feedstocks such as vegetable oils have gained signicant attention as sustainable biodiesel feedstock due to their great abundance, easy availability and low cost. 5,6 However, biodiesel has its drawbacks such as higher viscosity, rich oxygen content, high unsaturated acid content and low volatility. 7,8 Higher oxygen contents cause severe engine problems like carbon deposit and lubricant thickening.…”

Recent Catalytic Approaches for the Production of Cycloalkane Intermediates from Lignin‐Based Aromatic Compounds: A Review

“…To avoid the drawbacks with metal sulphides the supported noble and non‐noble metal catalysts are good alternatives. Several noble metals (Pt, Pd, Rh and Ru) were reported for hydrodeoxygenation/‐hydrogenation of phenolic compounds; among these, Pt and Ru showed better results for the ability of hydrogen adsorption and its dissociation during the reaction which results in high oxygen removal for improving the H/C ratio of bio‐oil [56,57] . However, the high cost of noble metals limits the industrial application, for which recyclability and life‐time of catalyst during the reaction are much more important.…”

Potential applications of waste lignin from the paper and pulp industry in Viet Nam

“…Currently, electrospinning is a promising process to produce carbon nanofibers 36,37 ; Lallave et al 36 produced carbon fibers with diameters less than 200 nm. Additionally, lignin can be converted into chemicals and fuels through the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process 38 . The HDO process transforms lignin into phenolic compounds for surfactants and paint industries, while further HDO process produces hydrocarbons as fuels from lignin.…”