A Review on the Biotechnological Applications of the Operational Group Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Abstract

Bacteria under the operational group Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (OGBa) are all Gram-positive, endospore-forming, and rod-shaped. Taxonomically, the OGBa belongs to the Bacillus subtilis species complex, family Bacillaceae, class Bacilli, and phylum Firmicutes. To date, the OGBa comprises four bacterial species: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus siamensis, Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus nakamurai. They are widely distributed in various niches including soil, plants, food, and water. A resurgence in genome mining has caused an increased focus on the biotechnological applications of bacterial species belonging to the OGBa. The members of OGBa are known as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) due to their abilities to fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphate, and produce siderophore and phytohormones, as well as antimicrobial compounds. Moreover, they are also reported to produce various enzymes including α-amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, aminotransferase, barnase, peroxidase, and laccase. Antimicrobial compounds that able to inhibit the growth of pathogens including non-ribosomal peptides and polyketides are also produced by these bacteria. Within the OGBa, various B. velezensis strains are promising for use as probiotics for animals and fishes. Genome mining has revealed the potential applications of members of OGBa for removing organophosphorus (OPs) pesticides. Thus, this review focused on the applicability of members of OGBa as plant growth promoters, biocontrol agents, probiotics, bioremediation agents, as well as producers of commercial enzymes and antibiotics. Here, the bioformulations and commercial products available based on these bacteria are also highlighted. This review will better facilitate understandings of members of OGBa and their biotechnological applications.

Modeling and Optimization of Gas Sparging-Assisted Bacterial Cultivation Broth Microfiltration by Response Surface Methodology and Genetic Algorithm

“…Preparation of inoculum, i.e., a sufficient amount of a liquid pure culture, was performed by transferring Bacillus velezensis IP22 biomass to Erlenmayer flasks containing sterile liquid medium-nutrient broth (HiMedia, Mumbai, India), followed by cultivation on a laboratory shaker at 28 • C, 150 rpm and under spontaneous aeration for 48 h. The obtained inoculum was used to inoculate the medium in the bioreactor (Biostat ® Aplus, Sartorius AG, Göttingen, Germany), while inoculum volume corresponded to 10% (v/v) of the bioreactor working volume (2 L). Cultivation medium was previously optimized for production of Bacillus velezensis IP22 biopesticide [11,12] and contained glycerol (10…”

“…Bacteria of the genus Bacillus could be found in the majority of commercially available products for plant protection due to their favorable characteristics for active component of microbial biopesticide [6][7][8]. Bacillus velezensis has been investigated in biological control of different plant diseases considering the ability of Bacillus velezensis strains to produce antimicrobial compounds and express mechanisms related to plant growth promotion [9,10]. Bacillus velezensis IP22 is a novel biocontrol agent, which expresses several mechanisms of antimicrobial action against plant pathogens, including competition for growth space and nutrients, as well as production of lipopeptides [11,12].…”

Bacillus subtilis Colonization of Arabidopsis thaliana Roots Induces Multiple Biosynthetic Clusters for Antibiotic Production

“…This activity is mediated largely by antibiotic production: approximately 5% of the B. subtilis genome is dedicated to the synthesis of antimicrobial molecules by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) or polyketide synthases (PKSs) ( Stein, 2005 ; Ongena and Jacques, 2008 ; Kinsella et al., 2009 ; Caulier et al., 2019 ). In vitro and in planta studies have indicated the importance of four antibiotics for plant protection: surfactin, bacilysin, plipastatin, and bacillaene ( Stein, 2005 ; Hou and Kolodkin-Gal, 2020 ; Arnaouteli et al., 2021 ; Ngalimat et al., 2021 ).…”

Antimicrobial activities of Bacillus velezensis strains isolated from stingless bee products against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

“…Exploration of antimicrobial metabolites from natural sources such as bacteria is considered as one of the most promising alternatives to combat the infection of pathogens in humans, animals and plants [9,11,[36][37][38]. Based on the previous studies, the Bacillus subtilis complex group which is comprised of B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. licheniformis, B. velezensis and B. pumilus, is one of the most common groups of bacteria associated with antimicrobial metabolite production [10,39]. Initially, five bacterial strains (PD9, B7, PU1, BP1 and L9) which belonged to the B. amyloliquefaciens operational group were isolated from stingless bee products and identified on the basis of 16SrRNA [18].…”

“…velezensis and B . pumilus , is one of the most common groups of bacteria associated with antimicrobial metabolite production [ 10 , 39 ]. Initially, five bacterial strains (PD9, B7, PU1, BP1 and L9) which belonged to the B .…”