A review on the advances in nitrifying biofilm reactors and their removal rates in wastewater treatment

Chaali, Mona; Naghdi, Mitra; Brar, Satinder Kaur; Avalos‐Ramírez, Antonio

doi:10.1002/jctb.5692

Cited by 45 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Previous evaluation of facility nitrogen removal has shown that the nitrifying towers experience large seasonal variations in ammonia loading due to the partial nitrification that occurs within the activated sludge process during the warmer months. Consequently, when this activity declines in the winter, the towers are met with the challenge of accepting larger amounts of ammonia at a time when the growth of AOB and NOBs to convert this load are at their least efficient (Chaali, Naghdi, Brar, & Avalos‐Ramirez, 2018). This has led to the colder months (December–March) having higher average historically higher nitrogen discharges.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full‐scale N removal from centrate using a sidestream process with a mainstream carbon source

Lacroix

Mentzer

Pagilla

2020

Water Environment Research

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An innovative approach to treat centrate for rapid nitrogen load discharge reduction was investigated and applied at the Truckee Meadows Water Reclamation Facility (TMWRF) in Reno, NV. This process allowed TMWRF to circumvent an anticipated exceedance of the individual waste load allocation in 2018. Existing infrastructure and equipment were re‐purposed in a full‐scale suspended growth biological centrate treatment system, attaining simultaneous nitrification, and denitrification with no additional capital investment. Functioning within a few days of start‐up, the average ammonia reduction was 81% (1,106 kg/day) and the average total nitrogen reduction in the sidestream was 53% (757 kg/day) using primary effluent as carbon source. Alkalinity and carbon limitations were both anticipated and observed; however, adaptive operations allowed for balancing of nitrification and denitrification processes, providing pH stability and success in meeting treatment goals. Immediately after the sidestream treatment system was placed into service, nitrogen in the mainstream facility was measured at concentrations significantly lower than typical and was sustained at historically low concentrations throughout the operation. This translated into a significant methanol cost savings of $1,500 per day (USD). The system has become a critical supplemental treatment process during upcoming rehabilitation projects to address aging infrastructure of existing nitrogen treatment facilities. Practitioner points Full scale demonstration of sidestream N removal using a hybrid process. Integration of the sidestream N process to reduce N effluent load without alkalinity or supplementary carbon augmentation. Operational solution to reduce operating costs without new infrastructure.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full‐scale N removal from centrate using a sidestream process with a mainstream carbon source

Lacroix

Mentzer

Pagilla

2020

Water Environment Research

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“…In the available body of literature, we may find several sources describing the positive effect of barbotage reactor filling on liquid aeration. Results of some research papers [5,75] showed that the above-mentioned aspect is still ambiguous. Kalenik et al [76] carried out a study on a tubular aerator filled with a moving bed of Białecki rings.…”

Section: Influence Of Moving Bed On System Aerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Hydraulic Conditions in Barbotage Reactors on Aeration Efficiency

Kujawiak

Makowska

Mazurkiewicz

2020

Water

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Barbotage reactors such as airlift reactors (ALR) and bubble column reactors (BCR), due to their two-phase flow systems, were investigated in many research papers. In their basic design variants, they are typically used to lift, mix, and aerate liquids, while, when equipped with additional elements in hybrid variants, their individual properties, i.e., lifting, mixing, and aeration of liquids, can significantly change with the same reactor geometry. The object of this study was to develop a hybrid barbotage reactor in various structural design variants. The structure consisted of a barbotage column of 50 mm in diameter, used to transport a water–air mixture outside the reactor (so-called external loop). The installation was additionally equipped with a nozzle in order to improve mixture aeration and circulation efficiency. The nozzle was mounted at various heights of the column pump segment. Additionally, the reactor was equipped with s moving bed in two variants (20% and 40% reactor capacity) in order to determine its effect on the mixture aeration and circulation conditions. Based on the measurement results, aeration curves were prepared for various structural design and column packing variants of the reactor. Properties of the two-phase mixture were determined for both parts—ALR and BCR. Technological and energy parameters of the aeration process were calculated, and the results obtained for the individual structural design variants were compared. It was found that, for the most advantageous design, in terms of aeration efficiency, the aeration nozzle should be placed in the mid-length of the pump segment of the barbotage column, irrespective of the hybrid reactor packing rate with the moving bed. The reactor packing with the moving bed resulted in a decreased mean water velocity in the reactor. For most analyzed structural design variants, the respective packing with the moving bed had no significant effect on aeration efficiency. Only for one structural design variant did the lack of packing significantly improve oxygen levels by as much as approximately 41%.

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“…Nitrogen forms in wastewaters are a major concern, especially in sensitive areas, where they have to be removed through biological treatment, i.e. specifically designed activated sludge configurations, before discharge into receiving waters . Now, it is well known that biological nitrogen removal requires a sequence of steps involving ammonification – hydrolysis of organic nitrogen, nitrification – oxidation of ammonia and denitrification – removal of oxidized nitrogen that serves as final electron acceptor for organic matter under anoxic conditions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…specifically designed activated sludge configurations, before discharge into receiving waters. 1,2 Now, it is well known that biological nitrogen removal requires a sequence of steps involving ammonification -hydrolysis of organic nitrogen, nitrification -oxidation of ammonia and denitrification -removal of oxidized nitrogen that serves as final electron acceptor for organic matter under anoxic conditions. 3,4 These steps are best achieved in single sludge systems including heterotrophic and autotrophic biomass fractions with the ability to switch and sustain specific metabolic activities under a succession of aerobic/anoxic conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of anoxic volume ratio based on hydrolysis kinetics for effective nitrogen removal: model evaluation

İnsel

Sözen

Yücel

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND The study aimed to set forth a model simulation approach for an accurate calculation of denitrification potential (NDP) and selection of appropriate anoxic volume (VD) in biological nitrogen removal. Simulations utilized the characteristics of a typical sewage and the model coefficients associated with a model structure that included all relevant microbial processes. They were carried out first for a fully anoxic reactor sustained with excess nitrogen and then for a pre‐denitrification system operated with different anoxic volume ratios (VD/VT) of 0.1–0.4 when the influent nitrogen (TKN) level was set as 57 and 85 mg N L−1. RESULTS Without nitrate limitation, generated NDP could reach 37 mg N L−1 for VD/VT = 0.1 and gradually escalated to 56, 75 and 86 mg N L−1 when VD/VT was raised to 0.4. Results for the pre‐denitrification system showed the effect of nitrate limitation on both substrate removal and NDP levels: At VD/VT = 0.4, NDP associated with TKN = 85 mg N L−1 was approximately 60 mg N L−1, while it remained basically around 40 mg N L−1 with TKN = 57 mg N L−1. Simulation also indicated that the hydrolysis kinetics significantly affected NDP generation. CONCLUSION Simulation results revealed that stoichiometric estimations always underestimated NDP, recommending unnecessarily high anoxic volumes, where the oxidized nitrogen was consumed within the 20–25% portion of the provided volume. The remaining volume fraction was then totally wasted since it was forced to operate under anaerobic conditions, with practically no useful microbial activity and negligible substrate utilization. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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A review on the advances in nitrifying biofilm reactors and their removal rates in wastewater treatment

Cited by 45 publications

References 135 publications

Full‐scale N removal from centrate using a sidestream process with a mainstream carbon source

Full‐scale N removal from centrate using a sidestream process with a mainstream carbon source

The Effect of Hydraulic Conditions in Barbotage Reactors on Aeration Efficiency

Assessment of anoxic volume ratio based on hydrolysis kinetics for effective nitrogen removal: model evaluation

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