A review on Synthetic Aperture Radar for Earth Remote Sensing: Challenges and Opportunities

Javali, Abhishek; Gupta, Jagrati; Sahoo, Anindita

doi:10.1109/icesc51422.2021.9532910

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Consequently, SAR has emerged as a viable alternative to optical observations for vegetation monitoring, particularly in cloudy conditions. The interpretation of SAR data, however, is usually more challenging than optical data [16]. SAR backscatter over agricultural canopies is driven by the dielectric constant, orientation, size, and distribution of the crop constituents (e.g., stems, leaves, ears), and the roughness and dielectric properties of the underlying soil [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biomass Proxy: Unlocking Global Agricultural Monitoring through Fusion of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2

Burger,

Aouizerats,

den Besten

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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The Biomass Proxy is a new cloud-free vegetation monitoring product that offers timely and analysis-ready data indicative of above-ground crop biomass dynamics at 10m spatial resolution. The Biomass Proxy links the consistent and continuous temporal signal of the Sentinel-1 Cross Ratio (CR), a vegetation index derived from Synthetic Aperture Radar backscatter, with the spatial information of the Sentinel-2 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a vegetation index derived from optical observations. A global scaling relationship between CR and NDVI forms the basis of a novel fusion methodology based on static and dynamic combinations of temporal and spatial responses of CR and NDVI at field level. The fusion process is used to mitigate the impact on product quality of low satellite revisit periods due to acquisition design or persistent cloud coverage, and to respond to rapid changes in a timely manner to detect environmental and management events. The resulting Biomass Proxy provides time series that are continuous, unhindered by clouds, and produced uniformly across all geographical regions and crops. The Biomass Proxy offers opportunities including improved crop growth monitoring, event detection, and phenology stage detection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biomass Proxy: Unlocking Global Agricultural Monitoring through Fusion of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2

Burger,

Aouizerats,

den Besten

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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“…This allows SAR systems to operate all day and under all weather circumstances. However, it also leads to SAR images that do not contain spectral information [3,4]. Multispectral sensors are passive and rely mainly on the ability of the ground to reflect light, which can visually respond to the color and texture of the object; however, they have a low resolution [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DAFCNN: A Dual-Channel Feature Extraction and Attention Feature Fusion Convolution Neural Network for SAR Image and MS Image Fusion

et al. 2023

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In the field of image fusion, spatial detail blurring and color distortion appear in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and multispectral (MS) during the traditional fusion process due to the difference in sensor imaging mechanisms. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a fusion method for SAR images and MS images based on a convolutional neural network. In order to make use of the spatial information and different scale feature information of high-resolution SAR image, a dual-channel feature extraction module is constructed to obtain a SAR image feature map. In addition, different from the common direct addition strategy, an attention-based feature fusion module is designed to achieve spectral fidelity of the fused images. In order to obtain better spectral and spatial retention ability of the network, an unsupervised joint loss function is designed to train the network. In this paper, the Sentinel 1 SAR images and Landsat 8 MS images are used as datasets for experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance in quantitative and visual representation when compared with traditional fusion methods and deep learning algorithms.

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“…The SAR is an antenna system that uses the Doppler Effect effectively. Many efforts have been made to increase and reduce the speckle noise by using spatial resolution SAR, which is an inherent part of SAR imaging, which collects information about a large range of objects by transmitting and receiving signals through the antenna arrays in the electromagnetic spectrum [2]. SAR systems provide geologist and terrain structural information for mineral discovery, The target's angular motion concerning the radar antenna is also used to create an image of the target [3].…”

Section: Introduction Sar Technology Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

An X/Ku-Band Series Feed Center Fed Shared Aperture Array Antenna for AIR-Borne Synthetic Aperture Radar Applications

Kati,

Kothapudi

2023

Mikrotalasna revija = Microwave Review

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A 5-element Shared Aperture Antenna Array for X/Ku-band Airborne synthetic aperture radar (AIR-SAR) applications is presented in this research work. As far as the authors are aware, few shared aperture antennas (SAA) exist that cover both X/Ku-band frequencies. The presented research is focused on designing a dual-band single linear-polarized (DBSP) series-fed center-fed (SFCF) X/Ku-band. The implementation of SAA is with the perception of an SFCF 5element group as one group with three patches that are arranged orthogonal to each other to form two sets (3-patches) to realize a series fed array with coaxial probe feeding method in X/Kubands. The X-band (9.3 GHz) is best suited for soil moisture estimation in agricultural areas; the Ku-band (13.265 GHz): is mainly for snow and cold regions and disaster monitoring. The SAA prototype is fabricated and measured with S-parameters and radiation pattern characteristics to verify the antenna design concept, including gain measurements. The antenna exhibits -10 dB impedance bandwidth (BW) (9.1919-9.4674 GHz) (276 MHz with 2.96% BW) in X-band and (13.054-13.513 GHz) (459 MHz with 3.46% BW) in Ku-band. More than 25 dB of isolation has been measured between the ports and two separate bands in the same polarization. The antenna's X-band gain is 12 dBi at port-1 and its Ku-band gain is 11.3 dBi at port-2, according to the measurements. X-band side-lobe level (SLL) is better than -16.2 dB at port-1 and Ku-band SLL is better than -14.1 dB at port-2, as measured by SLL. The X/Ku-DBSP SAA has total dimensions of 120 × 60 × 1.6 mm 3 and for the presented design, measured and simulated results are in good agreement.

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A review on Synthetic Aperture Radar for Earth Remote Sensing: Challenges and Opportunities

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

The Biomass Proxy: Unlocking Global Agricultural Monitoring through Fusion of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2

The Biomass Proxy: Unlocking Global Agricultural Monitoring through Fusion of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2

DAFCNN: A Dual-Channel Feature Extraction and Attention Feature Fusion Convolution Neural Network for SAR Image and MS Image Fusion

An X/Ku-Band Series Feed Center Fed Shared Aperture Array Antenna for AIR-Borne Synthetic Aperture Radar Applications

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