A review on supercapacitors based on plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited vertical graphene arrays

Bubble Up Induced Graphene Microspheres for Engineering Capacitive Energy Storage

“…[ 8–17 ] Self‐assembled laminar graphene films have a relatively high bulk density [ 18 ] (typically more than 0.9 g cm −3 , which is superior to the value of 0.4–0.6 g cm −3 obtained for active carbon electrode films) but usually exhibit a low ion conductivity due to the tortuous ion diffusion pathway through the films [ 16 ] ( Figure 1 a), or the inefficient utilization of the surface area due to the interlayer spacing being smaller than the ion size. [ 4,19 ] Vertically oriented graphene films, [ 20–22 ] usually synthesized via plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), are characterized by an efficient utilization of the surface area and a high ion conductivity owing to the vertical ion diffusion pathway. However, the prepared films are usually thinner than 5 µm, resulting in a larger dead volume of the passive components (for example, current collectors, separators, and connectors) in a stack supercapacitor cell, thereby limiting the volumetric performance of practical devices.…”

“…The scalable manufacturing of electrode films with high volumetric power/energy densities is indispensable for the largescale storage of capacitive energy for applications in grid power spacing being smaller than the ion size. [4,19] Vertically oriented graphene films, [20][21][22] usually synthesized via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), are characterized by an efficient utilization of the surface area and a high ion conductivity owing to the vertical ion diffusion pathway. However, the prepared films are usually thinner than 5 µm, resulting in a larger dead volume of the passive components (for example, current collectors, separators, and connectors) in a stack supercapacitor cell, thereby limiting the volumetric performance of practical devices.…”

Hierarchal Growth of Integrated n-MoS2/p-Black Phosphorus Heterostructures for All-Solid-State Asymmetric Supercapacitor Electrodes

“…The supercapacitor is a prominent member of advanced energy storage devices with numerous desirable characteristics such as long cyclic stability, fast charge–discharge capability, and high power density. , However, the majority of commercially available supercapacitors now possess low energy density (10 Wh kg –1 ), limiting their use in energy storage applications. − One of the most crucial metrics used to assess the performance of supercapacitors is energy density ( E = CV 2 /2), which can be improved by either enhancing specific capacitance or expanding the working voltage range of the cells . Currently, there are two approaches for extending the operating potential window: (i) developing an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) or (ii) using organic or ionic electrolytes .…”

Experimental and computational investigation on the charge storage performance of a novel Al2O3-reduced graphene oxide hybrid electrode

“…The EDLC material typical has high power density with low energy density, while a pseudocapacitive material has high energy density with moderate power density. When integrated into composite or hybrids, EDLC and pseudocapacitive materials will provide significant improvement which is otherwise could not be obtained individually 17 , 18 . Reduced graphene oxide can enhance the electrical conductivity, mechanical stability, and surface area of electrochemically active metal oxides for supercapacitor application, the use of reduced graphene oxide hybrid is one of the most effective routes 19 , 20 .…”