A review on Saudi Arabian wastewater treatment facilities and available disinfection methods: Implications to SARS-CoV-2 control

Alahdal, Hadil; Alyahya, Sami A.; Ameen, Fuad; Sonbol, Hana; Alomary, Mohammad N.

doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101574

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The evidence summarized above supports the USA federal guidelines for protection measures against SARS-CoV-2 to mitigate occupational risk mitigation measures to protect the occupational health of WTPWs [16]. In the USA, OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration) recommends no additional specific protections against SARS-CoV-2 for WTPWs employees involved in wastewater management operations with residuals, sludge, and biosolids at water resource recovery facilities [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…There is currently no published epidemiological evidence demonstrating a clear link between the occupational risk for WTPWs of SARS-CoV-2 infection and exposure to wastewater sludge or biosolids [16]. The quantification if SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater is not indicative of infectivity, and the risk for exposure to SARS-CoV-2 or any pathogen decreases with increasing treatment measures [16,20,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission via wastewater to WTPWs based on modeling (including previous outbreak studies of other viruses). Several relevant articles were identified which postulated important risk factors, including [15,16]:…”

Section: Risk Factors For Sars-cov-2 Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Coronaviridae (Coronaviruses as a family of viruses) seem to have low stability in the environment and are very sensitive to oxidants such as chlorine [7]. • Coronaviridae appear to be inactivated significantly faster in water than non-enveloped human enteric viruses with known waterborne transmission [9,16,17].…”

Section: Risk Factors For Sars-cov-2 Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Occupational Transmission in Wastewater Treatment Plant Workers

Murtaza¹

2021

EOIJ

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This short literature review explores the level of risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occupational transmissions in wastewater treatment plant (WTP) workers. Three main databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and ProQuest) were searched to explore the level of infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, risk factors of transmissibility of the virus in wastewater, and reported cases for occupational transmission in WTP workers. The results show that SARSCoV-2 can be shed in the feces of individuals with COVID-19, making its way to wastewater treatment plants (WTP). Multiple potential risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission from wastewater to sewage workers have been postulated based in previous studies. However, no case report of occupational transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to wastewater workers was found, and studies suggest that the presence of the virus or its particles is not necessarily indicative of infectivity. Further research is warranted to reliably estimate the occupational risk to WTP workers and identify preventive measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Factors For Sars-cov-2 Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Factors For Sars-cov-2 Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluating the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Occupational Transmission in Wastewater Treatment Plant Workers

Murtaza¹

2021

EOIJ

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“…e coronavirus can be transmitted from wastewater to workers in wastewater treatment plants. However, a hot climate may reduce the persistence of the virus in sewage systems; thus, the spread of the virus in such climates may not be signi cant [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mathematical Modeling Approach for the Wastewater Treatment Process in Saudi Arabia during COVID‐19 Pandemic

Ahmadini

Msmali

Meetei

et al. 2022

Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society

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The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had devastating effects on healthcare systems and the global economy. Moreover, coronavirus has been found in human feces, sewage, and in wastewater treatment plants. In this paper, we highlight the transmission behavior, occurrence, and persistence of the virus in sewage and wastewater treatment plants. Our approach follows the process of identifying a coronavirus hotspot through existing wastewater plants in major cities of Saudi Arabia. The mathematical distributions, including the log-normal distribution, Gaussian model, and susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) model, are adopted to predict the coronavirus load in wastewater plants. We highlight not only the potential virus removal techniques from wastewater treatment plants but also methods of tracing SARS-CoV-2 in humans through wastewater treatment plants. The results indicate that our modeling approach may facilitate the analysis of SARS-CoV-2 loads in wastewater for early prediction of the epidemic outbreak and provide significant implications to the public health system.

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Wastewater treatment risks and challenges for public health and the environment during the Covid‐19 pandemic: a review

Kokkinos

Venieri

Mantzavinos

2023

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), viral transport, fate, disinfection and environmental release in wastewater treatment plants have been issues of high importance for overall management. Although a huge number of scientific publications related to coronaviruses have been published, the number of studies on different aspects of wastewater treatment strategies to deal with SARS‐CoV‐2 abatement is still relatively limited and results are often confusing. To define real wastewater risks for public health and the environment, we have performed a systematic review and identified 96 papers from the PubMed database. We focused on SARS‐CoV‐2 wastewater treatments and how the type and level of treatments affect the virological quality of the effluents, the role of disinfectants, the treatment of medical wastewater, the role of new technologies, as well as the wastewater treatment in low‐ and middle‐income countries. It was concluded that, in general, well‐designed and well‐functioning wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and on‐site reliable sanitation systems may significantly limit the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2. The development of cost‐effective decentralized water and wastewater treatment facilities for low‐ and middle‐income countries for the abatement of coronaviruses should be enhanced. Lessons learned during the COVID‐19 pandemic with regard to wastewater treatment are expected to support an improved detection, response and containment of future viral disease outbreaks. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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A review on Saudi Arabian wastewater treatment facilities and available disinfection methods: Implications to SARS-CoV-2 control

Cited by 20 publications

References 68 publications

Evaluating the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Occupational Transmission in Wastewater Treatment Plant Workers

Evaluating the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Occupational Transmission in Wastewater Treatment Plant Workers

The Mathematical Modeling Approach for the Wastewater Treatment Process in Saudi Arabia during COVID‐19 Pandemic

Wastewater treatment risks and challenges for public health and the environment during the Covid‐19 pandemic: a review

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