A Review on Role of Markers in Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Micro and Macrovascular Complications

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading metabolic disorders in the last few decades, affecting the larger population of the world in both developed and developing countries.
 In diabetes mellitus there is reduced secretion and/or action leading to disturbance in the metabolism of glucose. The prolonged hyperglycemia causes several microvascular and macrovascular complications, which are the leading cause of death. Although the prevalence of diabetes is high, the majority of the people remain undiagnosed, which leads to complications. The diagnosis of diabetes involves the measurement of blood glucose levels. Several biochemical and body components regulate the secretion and action of insulin. Therefore, they serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. The biomarkers like HbA1C, glycated albumin, fructosamine, ferritin, fetuin-A, ceramides, HDL cholesterol, calprotectin, Acylcarnitine and micro RNA are some of the important biomarkers for diabetes mellitus. Through this review, we have made an attempt to describe the role and significance of biomarkers for diabetes mellitus.