A review on rock hardness testing methods and their applications in rock engineering

Ghorbani, Sasan; Hoseinie, Seyed Hadi; Ghasemi, Ebrahim; Sherizadeh, Taghi

doi:10.1007/s12517-022-10314-z

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 244 publications

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“…The moderate to high hardness (6-8) of both samples is crucial in assessing their resistance to abrasion during the blasting process. According to Ghorbani et al [34], rock hardness affects the rock mechanics and excavatability. Mehrdanesh et al [35] also noted that hard rocks require more energy for fragmentation, and the understanding of hardness is essential for selecting appropriate explosive strategies.…”

Section: Rock Properties Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Rock and Explosive Properties for Fragmentation Characterization: An Application of WipFrag

Otokiti,

Adebayo

2024

IJEATS

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This study investigates the rock explosive properties in selected Lokoja quarries, Nigeria, with the goal of characterizing fragmentation for optimized downstream operations. The analysis includes porosity, UCS values, and permeability assessment in Gitto quarry, highlighting advantages in material application. Comparisons between rock formations (Q1 and Q2) reveal varying compressive strengths, crucial for determining appropriate explosive energy for efficient fragmentation. Blast design parameters from Q1 and Q2 indicate consistent values, aiding in operational planning. Fragmentation analysis, conducted using WipFrag software, delineates size ranges and classifies the blast as having a moderate distribution. Correlations between blast fragmentation size and powder factor underscore the impact on efficiency. A classification chart and table are presented for convenient interpretation of results, providing valuable insights for enhancing blasting practices in Lokoja quarries and ultimately improving productivity. The fragmentation analysis result carried out in this study using WipFrag software shows that the 50%, 80% and Maximum block size passing size ranges from 539.94 – 1349.53 mm, 690.07 – 1907.81 mm, 808-2280 mm respectively. The blast fragmentation sizes are classified as moderate distribution blast based on the uniformity index value ranging from 1.95 to 2.4. The relationship between blast fragmentation size and powder factor was evaluated using linear correlation coefficient. It was noted that, X20, X50, X80 has high R2 values greater than 60% respectively

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Section: Rock Properties Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Rock and Explosive Properties for Fragmentation Characterization: An Application of WipFrag

Otokiti,

Adebayo

2024

IJEATS

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“…Rock hardness is a pivotal mechanical property indicator in the domains of geological exploration and geotechnical engineering. 1) From an engineering standpoint, it serves as a representative parameter that exhibits strong correlations with crucial engineering decision-making factors such as compressive strength, abrasiveness, and friction angle of rocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing Near-Infrared Spectral Imaging for Rock Hardness Assessment

CAO,

JIANG,

TEZUKA

et al. 2024

J. Soc. Mat. Sci., Japan

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In the context of engineering field operations, extracting the physical properties from rocks poses a challenge, necessitating fast and non-destructive remote sensing methods. The objective of this research is to characterize the rock hardness variations induced by the Heating and Quenching (HQ) cyclic experiment, utilizing photosensitivity differences generated during these cycles through multispectral imaging. Laboratory experiments were conducted to capture hardness changes and near-infrared spectral data of rocks subjected to HQ experiments, comparing degraded rocks to their undegraded counterparts. Furthermore, Maximum Information Coefficient (MIC) method is used in this study to explore the integration of hardness changes resulting from artificial degradation with spectral feature information, information and rock physical parameters. Elucidating the coordinated variations between spectral information and rock physical parameters. The paper discusses the potential of using a hyperspectral camera as a substitute for geological sketches and provides insights into its application.

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“…HRC) is another kind of parameters for hardness. It is a static method and an indentation test in contrast to Schmidt Hammer that is a dynamic method and measurement of elastic rebound(Ghorbani et al 2022). In the HRC measurement, a conical diamond indenter is pressed againstIn archaeological studies, the measurement of Rockwell Hardness was applied to pottery(Simon and Coghlan, 1989) and hard hammers used for lithic production(Magmani et al 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This measurement is mainly employed for metal materials. The detailed mechanism is explained in geological and materials science studies(Broitman, 2017;Ghorbani et al 2022).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining the Increase in “High-quality Chert” in the Early Upper Paleolithic Artifacts in Southern Jordan: Quantitative Examination of Chert Mechanical Properties and Fracture Predictability

Suga,

Tsukada,

Tarawneh

et al. 2023

J Paleo Arch

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In the studies of aked stone tools, the "quality" of lithic raw material has often been assessed from a viewpoint of its suitability to lithic production, and several studies quanti ed such raw material qualities by measuring mechanical properties of several different rocks like obsidian, chert, and basalt. To advance this approach, this study aims to quantify variations in the quality of chert, which is usually based on the difference in grain-size, e.g., ne-grained chert as "high-quality". For this purpose, we measured two types of hardness, i.e., the rebound hardness by Schmidt Hammer and the Rockwell Hardness (HRC), by using chert samples from southern Jordan, where the use of ne-grained chert increased in the Early Upper Paleolithic (Ahmarian) in association with the development of bladelet technology. The results indicate that ne-grained chert has greater fracture predictability and particularly suitable for the production of bladelets. However, ne-grained chert in southern Jordan suffer from abundant internal fractures and was not used as often as medium-grained chert for Levallois products and robust blades in the Late Middle and Initial Upper Paleolithic. Thus, explaining the prehistoric selectivity of lithic raw materials need to consider fracture predictability as well as other factors, such as actual conditions of occurrences and lithic production technology.

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A review on rock hardness testing methods and their applications in rock engineering

Cited by 16 publications

References 244 publications

Evaluation of Rock and Explosive Properties for Fragmentation Characterization: An Application of WipFrag

Evaluation of Rock and Explosive Properties for Fragmentation Characterization: An Application of WipFrag

Utilizing Near-Infrared Spectral Imaging for Rock Hardness Assessment

Explaining the Increase in “High-quality Chert” in the Early Upper Paleolithic Artifacts in Southern Jordan: Quantitative Examination of Chert Mechanical Properties and Fracture Predictability

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