A Review on Reinforcement Methods for Polymeric Materials Processed Using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)

Pratama, Juan; Cahyono, Sukmaji Indro; Suyitno, Suyitno; Muflikhun, Muhammad Akhsin; Salim, Urip Agus; Mahardika, Muslim; Arifvianto, Budi

doi:10.3390/polym13224022

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The selection of the infill pattern and density must be correlated with the stress and strain states for the future product. Both parameters are major factors of influence on the mechanical properties of 3D FFF-printed components [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. The infill characteristics are to be set into the slicer software (addressed in the next step), but it is important to highlight that the infill selection is part of the design process of the component.…”

Section: From Pre-process Conditions To Mechanical Characterization O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of PLA Specimens Produced by Fused Filament Fabrication—A Review

et al. 2022

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Polylactic acid (PLA) is produced from renewable materials, has a low melting temperature and has a low carbon footprint. These advantages have led to the extensive use of polylactic acid in additive manufacturing, particularly by fused filament fabrication (FFF). PLA parts that are 3D printed for industrial applications require stable mechanical properties and predictability regarding their dependence on the process parameters. Therefore, the development of the FFF process has been continuously accompanied by the development of software packages that generate CNC codes for the printers. A large number of user-controllable process parameters have been introduced in these software packages. In this respect, a lot of articles in the specialized literature address the issue of the influence of the process parameters on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed specimens. A systematic review of the research targeting the influence of process parameters on the mechanical properties of PLA specimens additively manufactured by fused filament fabrication was carried out by the authors of this paper. Six process parameters (layer thickness, printing speed, printing temperature, build plate temperature, build orientation and raster angle) were followed. The mechanical behavior was evaluated by tensile, compressive and bending properties.

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Section: From Pre-process Conditions To Mechanical Characterization O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of PLA Specimens Produced by Fused Filament Fabrication—A Review

et al. 2022

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“…However, the elongation at break decreases at the same time. The result shows a ductile-brittle transition [ 45 ] happens when GF are added. With the addition of EPDM, the elongation at break improves, indicating that the material becomes ductile again, while the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the filament decrease.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polypropylene Random Copolymer Based Composite Used for Fused Filament Fabrication: Printability and Properties

Zhiyao

Gao

2022

Polymers

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Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most commonly used additive manufacturing technologies. However, the applied material for commercial FFF is limited. Presently, though being one of the most used polymer materials, polypropylene (PP) is rarely used in FFF because of its serious warpage and shrinkage problems. This study investigated the impact of addition of short glass fibers (GF) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) on the printability of polypropylene random copolymer (PPR) based FFF and mechanical properties of the printed samples, as well as other properties including rheology, thermal behaviors, and morphology. The results show that the modified PPR has excellent printability, as the printed samples are of good geometrical accuracy. The addition of GF can significantly improve the strength and modulus of the composite, but it also leads to serious decrease in toughness. EPDM addition can effectively improve the toughness of the composite, showing a complementary effect with GF. This work has important meaning in expanding the FFF applicable material and in broadening the application of PP.

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“…The PET pellets were dried for 4 h at 120 °C in a dryer and then extruded using a twin-screw extruder with four heating zones along with the profile of the screw. To increase the solidification rate of the printed specimen, 6 % of talcum powder was added to the PET pellets before the extrusion process [ 23 , 24 ]. The PET pellets were allowed to equilibrate for at least 15 min before beginning extrusion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility Study on the Fused Filaments of Injection-Molding-Grade Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) for 3D Printing

Tsai

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Unlike that of glycol-modified Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PETG), the crystallinity of PET can be post-adjusted to enhance the mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts such as food-contact tableware and bio-implants. The aforementioned PET material could be 3D printed to produce the desired parts for performance evaluation before mass production by injection molding. In this study, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), we examined the pellets, extruded filament, and printed specimen to identify variations in melting and crystalline temperatures, as well as crystallinity. It was also shown by Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) that the addition of talcum powder increased the thermal stability of filament and resulted in an interaction between the fillers and polymer matrix. The crystallinities of the filament and printed specimen were then compared with the yield strengths and Young’s moduli to confirm the effects of the decreased molecular weight of the extruded PET filament. The talcum powder effectively improved the viscosity of the PET melted during the extrusion process for the filament and then enhanced the crystallinity of the PET, thereby achieving a significantly higher Young’s modulus. The printed PET specimen presented an excellent yield strength of 25 MPa and ductile properties with strain-at-break values of 30%, successfully indicating potential applications in food-contact tableware and bio-implants.

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A Review on Reinforcement Methods for Polymeric Materials Processed Using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)

Cited by 29 publications

References 80 publications

The Influence of the Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of PLA Specimens Produced by Fused Filament Fabrication—A Review

The Influence of the Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of PLA Specimens Produced by Fused Filament Fabrication—A Review

Polypropylene Random Copolymer Based Composite Used for Fused Filament Fabrication: Printability and Properties

Feasibility Study on the Fused Filaments of Injection-Molding-Grade Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) for 3D Printing

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