A Review on Recycling of Carbon Fibres: Methods to Reinforce and Expected Fibre Composite Degradations

Isa, Amiruddin; Nosbi, Norlin; Ismail, Mokhtar Che; Akil, Hazizan Md; Ali, Wan Fahmin Faiz Wan; Omar, Mohd Firdaus

doi:10.3390/ma15144991

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…Sustainability concerns have prompted developments in natural (mineral and vegetal) [12][13][14][15] as well as recycled [16][17][18] composites. The latter is seen as particularly relevant owing to the high volume of end-of-life composite components and growing use of carbon fibre in manufacturing, and, thus, their potential to be reclaimed for the manufacturing of new products [19,20]. Recycled carbon fibre is, therefore, a material with significant interest and potential [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycled Carbon Fibre Composites in Automotive Manufacturing

Souppez

Pavar²

2023

IJAMM

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Article Recycled Carbon Fibre Composites in Automotive Manufacturing Jean-Baptiste R. G. Souppez 1, * , and Geethanjali S. Pavar 2 1 Department of Mechanical, Biomedical and Design Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK. 2 Institute for Energy Systems, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, UK. * Correspondence: j.souppez@aston.ac.uk Received: 9 January 2023 Accepted: 22 February 2023 Published: 6 March 2023 Abstract: The contemporary need for lightweight and sustainable materials in automotive manufacturing has made recycled carbon fibre an attractive option. Yet, aspects such as the mechanical properties of short fibre composites need to be characterised to fully identify the capabilities and opportunities for recycled carbon fibre in the automotive industry. Consequently, this paper aims to ascertain the potential of recycled carbon fibre materials for automotive manufacturing by considering mechanical properties, design implications, and resulting costs and sustainability. Destructive testing is employed to characterise the mechanical properties of virgin carbon fibre (VCF), recycled carbon fibre (RCF) using pyrolysis, and blended recycled carbon fibre (BRCF) comprising 50% polypropylene fibre. Here we quantify (i) the reduction in mechanical properties, namely the tensile modulus and breaking strength, (ii) the resulting increase in required thickness and therefore mass for manufactured parts and (iii) the reduction in cost and embodied energy achieved for RCF and BRCF compared to VCF, based on both a stiffness- and a strength-driven design criterion. Furthermore, we present a decision-making methodology revealing BRCF as the most cost-effective solution, while RCF proves to be the most sustainable alternative. These results provide a novel quantitative assessment of recycled carbon fibre for automotive manufacturing and may contribute to future developments in sustainable composite manufacturing in the automotive industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycled Carbon Fibre Composites in Automotive Manufacturing

Souppez

Pavar²

2023

IJAMM

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“…Carbon fibers have high modulus ∼250 GPa and strength ∼4 GPa, but low density, which makes their applications particularly useful to reinforcing composite materials where high strength-to-weight ratio is important. 7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to reduce the negative environmental impacts and to turn composite waste into valuable resources, significant efforts have been made to identify the means to recycle the composite waste. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The European Commission's zero waste program is actively seeking the means for sustainable management of the planet's natural resources, among other things, by recycling carbon and glass fibers. The global recycled carbon fiber market size is projected to grow from USD 126 million in 2021 to USD 222 million by 2026, at an annual growth rate of 12.0% during the forecast period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving recycled carbon fiber by single walled carbon nanotubes in reinforcement of polyamide composites

Galkov,

Myasnikova,

Marchenko

et al. 2023

Journal of Composite Materials

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Recycled carbon fibers (rCF) represent an inexpensive alternative to virgin carbon fibers (CF) but the mechanical improvement brought by rCF to polymer composites is noticeably lower than that from CF. In this article we evaluate two methods of coating rCF by single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), wet and dry, and demonstrate that extremely low concentrations of SWCNTs, ∼0.03%, are sufficient to measurably improve the strength (by 16%), modulus (by 38%), and Izod impact strength (by 52%) of thermoplastic crystalline polyamide polyxylylene adipamide (MXD6) with 30% rCF. The dry method with grinding of rCF and SWCNTs works better than the wet (dip coating) method and the rCF with residual epoxy is better than purified by pyrolysis rCF. We link this improvement of the mechanical properties to the enhanced crystallization rate caused by SWCNTs, which is observed in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

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“…Recycling matrix and fiber have a significantly positive impact, such as maintaining nature and saving energy. However, composite materials at risk condition often end up in landfills or incineration [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. Replacement or hybridization of synthetic fibers with natural fibers is one option to maximize the degradation ability of composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Natural Fibers Mixed with CFRP and GFRP: Properties, Characteristics, and Failure Behaviour

Nugraha¹,

Nuryanta

Sean

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Research on natural-fiber-reinforced polymer composite is continuously developing. Natural fibers from flora have received considerable attention from researchers because their use in biobased composites is safe and sustainable for the environment. Natural fibers that mixed with Carbon Fiber and or Glass Fiber are low-cost, lightweight, and biodegradable and have lower environmental influences than metal-based materials. This study highlights and comprehensively reviews the natural fibers utilized as reinforcements in polyester composites, including jute, bamboo, sisal, kenaf, flax, and banana. The properties of composite materials consisting of natural and synthetic fibers, such as tensile strength, flexural strength, fatigue, and hardness, are investigated in this study. This paper aims to summarize, classify, and collect studies related to the latest composite hybrid science consisting of natural and synthetic fibers and their applications. Furthermore, this paper includes but is not limited to preparation, mechanism, characterization, and evaluation of hybrid composite laminates in different methods and modes. In general, natural fiber composites produce a larger volume of composite, but their strength is weaker than GFRP/CFRP even with the same number of layers. The use of synthetic fibers combined with natural fibers can provide better strength of hybrid composite.

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A Review on Recycling of Carbon Fibres: Methods to Reinforce and Expected Fibre Composite Degradations

Cited by 33 publications

References 99 publications

Recycled Carbon Fibre Composites in Automotive Manufacturing

Recycled Carbon Fibre Composites in Automotive Manufacturing

Improving recycled carbon fiber by single walled carbon nanotubes in reinforcement of polyamide composites

Recent Progress on Natural Fibers Mixed with CFRP and GFRP: Properties, Characteristics, and Failure Behaviour

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