A Review on Reclamation and Reutilization of Ironmaking and Steelmaking Slags

Zhan-jun, Wang; Sohn, Il

doi:10.1007/s40831-018-0201-5

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Strong acids, HNO 3 (70%) and HCl (34−37%), were purchased from Fisher Scientific International, Inc., and four types of organic acidsacetic acid (99.7%, hereafter AA), propionic acid (99.5%, hereafter PA), butyric acid (99%, hereafter BA), and valeric acid (99%, hereafter VA)were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. Sodium acetate (99%, hereafter Na-acetate) and sodium propionate (99%, hereafter Na-propionate) were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. 16,22,38,39 Characterization of Steel Slag. The elemental compositions of the raw and reacted steel slag samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES, Agilent 5100, Agilent Technologies, Inc., and OPTIMA 8300, PerkinElmer, Inc.).…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that the total steel production in 2017 was estimated to be 1200 million tons, resulting in the equivalent production of approximately 500 million tons of steel slag. 15,16 Therefore, utilizing steel slag for CO 2 fixation by selectively extracting valuable elements could contribute to the circular economy. 17−19 In general, the ex situ carbon mineralization process includes extraction (i.e., leaching alkaline and other valuable elements) and carbonation (i.e., precipitating CaCO 3 or MgCO 3 ) steps, although those two steps can be combined in a single reactor.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure b displays the volume of global steel production in 2017. Note that the total steel production in 2017 was estimated to be 1200 million tons, resulting in the equivalent production of approximately 500 million tons of steel slag. , Therefore, utilizing steel slag for CO 2 fixation by selectively extracting valuable elements could contribute to the circular economy. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integration of Two Waste Streams for Carbon Storage and Utilization: Enhanced Metal Extraction from Steel Slag Using Biogenic Volatile Organic Acids

Hong

Huang

Rim

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Among CO 2 fixation technologies, ex situ carbon mineralization using steel slag is a promising option since it produces thermodynamically stable solid carbonates. The utilization of carbonates produced using captured CO 2 can allow a new circular economy of carbon. Volatile organic acids (VOAs), which are produced in the anaerobic digestion of biogenic wastes, have recently received significant attention as promising intermediates in biorefinery and another circular economy of a waste stream. This study explored the integration of two circular economies of wastes by investigating the leaching behaviors of steel slag in the presence of biogenic waste-originated organic acids−acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, and their mixtures. The organic acids were more efficient in the elemental extraction from steel slag than strong acids. Furthermore, their mixture showed the highest extraction efficiency for all elements, illustrating the synergetic effect of ligands with different sizes and stability constants. These findings demonstrate that organic acids obtained from the biogenic wastes can be directly employed for the extraction step of an ex situ carbon mineralization process without separation or purification steps. The direct use of both steel slag and waste organic acids will significantly improve the overall sustainability of the ex situ carbon mineralization technology.

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Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integration of Two Waste Streams for Carbon Storage and Utilization: Enhanced Metal Extraction from Steel Slag Using Biogenic Volatile Organic Acids

Hong

Huang

Rim

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…The circular economy changes focus on reusing, adjusting, renewing and recycling materials and products at the end of their service life. From this new perspective, electric arc furnace (EAF) slags that were typically considered "waste" must now be transformed into a resource, for example through innovative technological solutions that fully enhance their positive features and transform them into valuable secondary raw materials for a different production process [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Several successful initiatives in the transformation of the steel industrial sector from a linear economy to a circular one have already been reported for slags, dusts, iron scale and spent refractories [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basaltic Glass Fibers from Industrial Wastes: A Laboratory-Scale Technical Feasibility Study

et al. 2022

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This study demonstrated the physical–chemical and technical feasibility of recycling EAF slag granulated by rapid cooling with gas to produce continuous glass fibers with a basalt-like composition. To adjust the chemical composition, a silica fume-based secondary raw material was used, together with other additives. Different compositions were tested: 50% EAF slag and 50% silica fume (sample C1); 40% EAF slag, 50% silica fume and 10% Na2O (sample C2); 40% EAF slag, 50% silica fume, 5% Na2O and 5% K2O (sample C3); 20% EAF slag, 57% silica fume, 10% Na2O and 13% alkali earth oxides (sample C4); 26% EAF slag, 35% silica fume, 7% CaO and 12% Na2O (sample C5); 26% EAF slag, 35% silica fume, 4% CaO and 15% Na2O (sample C6). The last composition allowed obtaining fibers up to 5–6 m long, with a diameter between 60 and 180 µm. The process involved using a refractory material crucible with a calibrated bottom orifice as a single nozzle bushing. The optimal temperature range for fiber forming was between 1115 and 1125 °C, with a linear drawing speed of about 2 m/s. Preliminary mechanical tests were performed. Based on these results, potential further recycling applications of granulated EAF slag in the production of basalt-like glass for noncontinuous fiber production for mechanical reinforcement or for thermal–acoustic insulation can also be foreseen.

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“…According to recent estimates [3], more than 30 billion tons of fossil-fuel-related CO 2 were emitted in 2018 resulting in the highest level of CO 2 concentrations in the atmosphere to date. Slags that are produced from the iron and steelmaking industry amount to more than 400 MT/ annum, and costs have significantly risen for treatment and utilization of a few of the steelmaking slags [4,5]. In the nonferrous aluminum smelting industry, more than 400 KT/ annum of the spent pot lining and other process wastes are unavoidable, and recycling of these materials has become an essential condition for continued operations [6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%