A Review on Recent Patents and Applications of Inorganic Material Binding Peptides

Abstract

Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in the identification of novel material binding peptides having affinity to a wide range of target materials and their use in nanobiotechnological innovations. These material binding peptides (MBPs), also known as solid/ substance binding peptides (SBPs) can be isolated using combinatorial display technologies such as phage display (PD), surface display (cell, bacterial, yeast, mRNA) exhibit material specific selectivity and affinity towards a range of inorganic and organic nanomaterial surfaces including metals, metal oxides, minerals, semiconductors and biomolecules. MBPs serve as mediators in bringing nanotechnology and biotechnology under one umbrella by linking solid nanoparticles with biomolecules including proteins, bioactive peptide motifs, bifunctional binding peptides, enzymes, antigens and antibody fragments. As the utilization and application of these inorganic binding peptides as molecular connectors, molecular assemblers and material specific synthesizers in nanotechnology has been expanding rapidly, so too has growing commercial interest in patenting such innovations. In this review, we present the past, current and future developments and applications of inorganic MBPs specific to nanomaterials and their applications.

Biointerface Structural Effects on the Properties and Applications of Bioinspired Peptide-Based Nanomaterials

“…In many cases, biology employs peptides, proteins, and other biomolecules to generate and activate functional materials. − This can arise from complete proteins (e.g., as found in the Japanese pearl oyster Pinctada fucata ) or by peptides generated in vivo via protein cleavage and/or post-translational modification (e.g., silaffins of diatoms). , By extracting these biomolecules from their inorganic components, peptides with affinity for these biologically relevant material compositions are known (i.e., SiO 2 , CaCO 3 , etc. ); however, biocombinatorial methods have been exploited over the past two decades to identify new peptides with affinity for target structures that are not typically observed in nature, including both inorganic and organic/polymeric compositions. − In general, two approaches are typically employed: phage display or cell-surface display. For both systems, the genetic code of the organism (either a bacteriophage for phage display or a bacterial cell for cell-surface display) is specifically modified to present randomized peptide sequences along the surface of the cell or viral capsid.…”

Nanocrystalline Precursors for the Co‐Assembly of Crack‐Free Metal Oxide Inverse Opals

“…In particular, the formation of crystalline and amorphous phases that coexist in mineralized tissues is a common, very general biomineralization principle that endows crystalline biomaterials with high order and mechanical stability . By combining amorphous (“soft”) and crystalline (“hard”) components with optimized ratio and dimensions of the building blocks, nature forms structures with fine features that experience minimal structural changes during densification and phase transitions …”

Interactions between Metal Oxides and Biomolecules: from Fundamental Understanding to Applications

“…To date, a wide range of SiNPs has been generated and their physical, chemical, and functional properties tuned either by directing silica nanoparticle formation directly or by modifying them with inorganic or organic molecules. The molecules reported to bind with silica NPs include proteins (silica BPs, antibodies or antibody fragments, enzymes, and streptavidin or avidin BPs), ,− nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), , other targeting molecules (ligands and peptide motifs), , as well as cells (bacterial or viral). − Continued research efforts by scientists have led to silica being a key material in the design of novel bionanostructures, further broadening its application from nanotechnology to biomedical and further industrial fields as shown schematically in Figure . A review of applications and latest patents of solid material BPs have been recently reported by Thota and Perry …”