A review on recent advances in selective and sensitive detection of heavy toxic metal ions in water using g-C₃N₄-based heterostructured composites

Abstract

The fabrication of g-C3N4 nanosheets-based sensing platform for the detection or removal of heavy toxic metal ions from wastewater has attracted a great deal of interest due to their unique...

Revisiting the roles of dopants in g-C3N4nanostructures for piezo-photocatalytic production of H2O2: a case study of selenium and sulfur

“…It would be comprehensive to see that all samples exhibit distinct stability up to 700 °C, in which the results were in perfect accordance with initial publications. 33,34…”

Multifunctional In-MOF and Its S-Scheme Heterojunction toward Pollutant Decontamination via Fluorescence Detection, Physical Adsorption, and Photocatalytic REDOX

“…6−8 Physical treatments through flocculation and adsorption and chemical treatments by oxidation and photodegradation in combination with biological methods are widely adopted to eliminate highly toxic Cr(VI) and dye contaminants. 9,10 However, existing technologies still suffer from insurmountable defects such as costly apparatus, troublesome pretreatment, low efficiency, secondary pollutant generation, etc. 11−13 It is thus highly indispensable to quest for alternative approaches or materials.…”

“…With the rapid progress in industrialization and urbanization, environmental pollution caused by inorganic and organic contaminants, i.e., heavy metal ions and dyes in various waters, has become increasingly serious. − The concentrations of bioaccumulative Cr­(VI) and Cu­(II) ions in drinking water have been limited by the World Health Organization (WHO) to below 0.05 and 1.0 mg/L, respectively. , The aromatic structures of organic dyes, especially large-size reactive dyes used for textile processing, are carcinogenic and teratogenic but nonbiodegradable. Currently, two types of solutions comprising large-scale precision equipment test and chemical titration are extensively employed to identify and detect heavy metal ions. − Physical treatments through flocculation and adsorption and chemical treatments by oxidation and photodegradation in combination with biological methods are widely adopted to eliminate highly toxic Cr­(VI) and dye contaminants. , However, existing technologies still suffer from insurmountable defects such as costly apparatus, troublesome pretreatment, low efficiency, secondary pollutant generation, etc. − It is thus highly indispensable to quest for alternative approaches or materials …”

3D-Printed Fluorescent Hydrogel Consisting of Conjugated Polymer and Biomacromolecule for Fast and Sensitive Detection of Cr(VI) in Vegetables

“…In recent years, the rapid expansion of modern industries has brought huge pollution to the living environment, with frequent incidents of heavy metal pollution emerging as a public concern. Among various heavy metal ions, Cr 2 O 7 2– is a common yet extremely toxic pollutant, owing to its widespread use in industries such as textile, metal, leather tanning, water cooling, and electroplating. − Compared to other metal ions such as Fe 3+ , Cu 2+ , Hg 2+ , and Pb 2+ , the emission of Cr 2 O 7 2– is relatively low, contributing to a concealed effect that often goes overlooked. − However, Cr 2 O 7 2– is nonbiodegradable, which will persist, accumulate, and migrate in the environment. It not only adversely impacts plant growth and development, but also threaten ecological security, thus influencing the quality of agricultural products, and jeopardizing human health through the food chain, with reported risks of cancer from long-term and short-term exposure to Cr 2 O 7 2– . − Drinking water stands out as a particularly vulnerable resource to Cr 2 O 7 2– contamination, ascribing to the high solubility of Cr 2 O 7 2– in water. , Consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has established a stringent maximum tolerable level of 0.05 mg/L for Cr 2 O 7 2– in drinking water .…”