A review on proppant transport modelling

Dias, Rafael; Chen, Bin; Li, Chenfeng

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2021.108753

Cited by 69 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(173 reference statements)

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“…Solving the coupled three fundamental physical processes is the critical part of most hydraulic fracturing simulators. Proppant transport has a significant influence on the final fracture network and is reviewed separately [19]. It is also highlighted that secondary processes, including leakoff, poroelasticity, effect of natural fractures, bedding planes and anisotropy and heterogeneities of rock media, are often critical to the success of hydraulic fracturing design and evaluation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The introduction of proppants makes fluid flow inside fracture become a particle-laden flow. The influence of the proppants to the process of hydraulic fracturing are manifold [19]: (1) the change of rheological properties of fracturing fluid; (2) proppant settling and convection; (3) formation and evolution of the proppants bank; (4) screen-out due to the jam of proppants near the fracture tips, etc. More importantly, the distribution of proppant after flow back have a significant influence on the final fracture network.…”

Section: Proppant Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More importantly, the distribution of proppant after flow back have a significant influence on the final fracture network. Due to the complexity and significance of the process, it is reviewed separately in [19].…”

Section: Proppant Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, a sensitivity study of leakoff coefficient was conducted by Yao et al [361] using a 3D pore pressure cohesive element model, and the results show a higher leakoff coefficient leads to a shorter and narrower fracture. The proppant concentration increases as the fracturing fluid leaks from the fracture into the formation, and it grows more rapidly in the vicinity of crack tip due to higher leakoff rate and smaller fracture width [19,69,82]. It was concluded by Daneshy [82] that the increased proppant concentration hinders the proppant settling and is beneficial to the proppant transport.…”

Section: Leakoffmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig 29. Schematic of fracture network and proppant transport in UFM (unconventional fracture model)[19] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Hydraulic Fracturing Simulation

Chen

Dias

Sun

et al. 2021

Arch Computat Methods Eng

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121

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Along with horizontal drilling techniques, multi-stage hydraulic fracturing has improved shale gas production significantly in past decades. In order to understand the mechanism of hydraulic fracturing and improve treatment designs, it is critical to conduct modelling to predict stimulated fractures. In this paper, related physical processes in hydraulic fracturing are firstly discussed and their effects on hydraulic fracturing processes are analysed. Then historical and state of the art numerical models for hydraulic fracturing are reviewed, to highlight the pros and cons of different numerical methods. Next, commercially available software for hydraulic fracturing design are discussed and key features are summarised. Finally, we draw conclusions from the previous discussions in relation to physics, method and applications and provide recommendations for further research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proppant Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proppant Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leakoffmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig 29. Schematic of fracture network and proppant transport in UFM (unconventional fracture model)[19] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Hydraulic Fracturing Simulation

Chen

Dias

Sun

et al. 2021

Arch Computat Methods Eng

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121

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Numerical simulation of the non‐Newtonian fracturing fluid influences on the fracture propagation

Wen¹,

Huang²,

Hou³

et al. 2021

Energy Science & Engineering

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Hydraulic fracturing fracture propagation is the main factor affecting the fracturing effect. In view of the more diversified selection of fracturing fluid, the problem of fracture propagation in non-Newtonian fluid fracturing is often encountered in fracturing. In this paper, the influencing factors of fracture propagation of non-Newtonian fluid fracturing fluid are analyzed. Based on PKN model, a threedimensional fracture propagation model considering the rheology and filtration of fracturing fluid is established, the better fracture shape simulation results are given, and the effects of fluid properties, rock physical properties, and injection parameters on fracture propagation are analyzed in detail. The research shows that (1) in the process of fracture propagation, the fracture length and width gradually increase, and the corresponding pressure in the fracture also increases. The overall increase trend is that the growth is rapid in the initial stage of fracturing and gradually slows down in the later stage.(2) The greater the consistency coefficient and rheological index, the greater the fracture width and pressure in the fracture, and the easier it is to form wide fracture. The larger the filtration coefficient is, the weaker the fracture forming ability is, and the fracture width, length, and pressure in the fracture are reduced. (3) Rock physical properties have a certain influence on fracture propagation, Young's modulus has a great influence on fracture propagation, while Poisson's ratio has little influence on it. However, the larger the Young's modulus, the more difficult the fracture is to expand, and the smaller the corresponding fracture width. (4) The larger the pump injection rate, the larger the fracture size and the higher the pressure in the fracture. The model can provide a theoretical basis for fracturing design and fracture shape prediction.

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A comprehensive review of numerical simulation methods for hydraulic fracturing

Ismail,

Azadbakht

2024

Num Anal Meth Geomechanics

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Hydraulic fracturing unlocks previously inaccessible hydrocarbons in unconventional reservoirs by creating artificial pathways in the unconventional reservoir. Numerical simulation expands the scope of hydraulic fracturing design for various reservoir conditions. This review paper explores the synergy between numerical simulation and hydraulic fracturing modeling, focusing on critical elements like geomechanical behavior, geological conditions, and fluid dynamics. Analytical models in hydraulic fracturing design are discussed to underscore their foundational importance. The assumption of constant fracture height limits the application of Perkins–Kern–Nordgren model (PKN) and Kristianovich‐Geertsma‐de Klerk model (KGD). Radial models assume 3D flow but lack reliability in nonradial settings, and the Pseudo 3D model (P3D) shares PKN's assumptions with variable fracture height, sacrificing some details for efficiency. Planar 3D model (PL3D) enhances accuracy by discarding PKN's elastic response assumption but requires extended computation. Unconventional fracture model is effective for complex scenarios but relies on DFN modeling parameters for accuracy. The choice of numerical simulation method in hydraulic fracturing depends on the specific aspect studied, each with its strengths and limitations. For instance, boundary element methods are efficient for exterior problems, finite element modeling suits 3D nonplanar fractures, and the extended finite element method excels in hydraulic and natural fracture interactions. Peridynamics shows potential but needs further development for cost‐effectiveness. PFC and UDEC/3DEC‐based simulations can explore microscopic mechanisms. Combining these methods with other approaches provides a comprehensive study of realistic reservoir conditions. This review guides the selection of a suitable numerical simulation methodology based on the study's scope.

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A review on proppant transport modelling

Cited by 69 publications

References 109 publications

A Review of Hydraulic Fracturing Simulation

A Review of Hydraulic Fracturing Simulation

Numerical simulation of the non‐Newtonian fracturing fluid influences on the fracture propagation

A comprehensive review of numerical simulation methods for hydraulic fracturing

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