A review on pathophysiology and managements of allergic conjunctivitis

Abstract

Allergic disorder is a serious issue affecting 40% of the population. The most well-known visual illness in clinical practise is undoubtedly visual sensitivity. The impact of numerous variables, including genetics and pollution, is taken into account by experts. Therefore, this review is intends to provide the detailed description related to pathophysiology and managements of allergic conjunctivitis.The study was performed by literature survey of original research articles published in Pubmed, Science direct, Web of Science, Scopus and Google etc.The two primary types of allergic conjunctivitis are perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC) and seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC). The common effects of SAC and PAC are shivers, weeping, mucus production, and redness; nonetheless, these structures do not impair vision. However, vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) are the most alarming types of visual allergic conjunctivitis, which impact the cornea and can impair vision if not properly recognised and treated. Allergic conjunctivitis symptoms include itchy, stinging red eyes and yellow pus during sleep. The major objectives of treatment for allergic conjunctivitis are to lessen and manage symptoms and raise quality of life. This involves minimising itchiness, as well as redness, tears, edoema of the conjunctiva or the eyelids, and other related disorders. Breaking the pattern of inflammation and reducing it are additional therapy objectives for patients with chronic allergen exposure and persistent illness. Mast cell stabilisers, corticosteroids, antihistamines, NSAIDs, dual-acting antiallergics, anti-leukotrienes, anti-IgE, and some other drugs are used to treat allergic conjunctivitis.There are the different types of allergic conjunctivitis among which the more prevalence types of allergic conjunctivitis are SAC and PAC while the more severe types are VKC and AKC. There are different types of medicines available for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.