A review on non-leaching antibacterial bone cement for orthopedic surgery: From past to current insights

Abstract

Antibiotic-loaded bone cements are widely used in orthopedic surgery. However, they present issues such as a short antibiotic release time and antibiotic resistance. These challenges necessitate the development of novel antibacterial bone cements. Non-leaching bone cement containing antibacterial motifs represents a promising advancement in this direction. Antibacterial motifs are incorporated into the cement either covalently or non-covalently, and while they will not be released, they will still exhibit surface antibacterial activity. This review comprehensively examines the structure and antimicrobial activity of prevalent non-leaching antimicrobial bone cements. Additionally, it delves into the characteristics of current methods employed for detecting surface antimicrobial activity. Finally, the future research direction of non-leaching antibacterial bone cement is discussed, with a specific focus on innovative antibacterial motifs, the mechanisms underlying non-leaching antibacterial properties, and the potential synergies achievable by combining non-leaching antibacterial bone cement with traditional antibiotics.

Is it time to re-evaluate exposure risks to quaternary ammonium compounds as disinfectants?

“…Apart from disinfectants, QACs also provide antimicrobial activity to a variety of personal care products including shampoos, toothpastes and nasal sprays as well as other health-based products such as eye drops, and lotions. The ubiquity of QACs continues to grow as they are also used as antifouling agents for a variety of medical devices including bone and dental restorative implants ( Featherstone, 2022 ; Gao et al, 2023 ).…”