A Review on Non-destructive Evaluation of Civil Structures Using Magnetic Sensors

Abstract

The growing demand towards life cycle sustainability has created a tremendous interest in non-destructive evaluation (NDE) to minimize manufacturing defects and waste, and to improve maintenance and extend service life. Applications of Magnetic Sensors (MSs) in NDE of civil engineering structures have become of great interest in recent years due to their non-contact data collection, and their high sensitivity under the influence of external stimuli such as strain, temperature, and humidity, to detect damage and deficiencies. There have been several advancements in MSs over the years for strain evaluation, corrosion monitoring, etc. based on the magnetic property changes. However, these MSs are at their nascent stages of development, and thus, there are several challenges that exist. This paper summarizes the recent advancements in MSs and their applications in civil engineering. Principle functions of different MSs are discussed, and their comparative characteristics are presented. The research challenges are highlighted and the roadmap towards high technology readiness level is discussed.

A Comparative Analysis of the Magnetization Methods Used in the Magnetic Nondestructive Testing of Reinforced Concrete Structures

“…A review of NDT techniques utilized in RC construction diagnostics (with their advantages and disadvantages) is provided in [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Several properties of structures of this kind can be tested with NDT methods, including the strength of concrete, visual condition, carbonation level, electromagnetic properties, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and natural frequencies [7].…”

“…It is also important not to damage the newly built structure during the investigation. For all these reasons, it is necessary to develop and adopt NDT methods for RC construction diagnostics [1,[4][5][6][7]. One of the NDT methods that can face all these problems is the magnetic method.…”

Multisensory Spatial Analysis and NDT Active Magnetic Method for Quick Area Testing of Reinforced Concrete Structures

“…Many methods can be used to test RC structures. A review of such methods is presented in [13][14][15][19][20][21]. However, only electromagnetic and mechanical-wave systems can assess reinforcement grids directly (and effectively).…”

“…This work focuses on the evaluation of reinforcement parameters using NDT. This problem was discussed many times, e.g., in [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Therefore, a detailed description is skipped in this work.…”

Vehicle detection using drone-mounted optically pumped magnetometers

“…The ability to sensitively detect magnetic field variations has numerous applications such as nondestructive inspection 1 , geological studies 2 , and vehicle sensing 3 , and it is also an important capacity in threat detection. Magnetic anomaly detectors (MADs) have been used since World War II to scan for the presence of enemy submarines 4 , and this technology has continued to advance and diversify since the employment of those early fluxgate magnetometers.…”