A review on nanocellulose as a lightweight filler of polyolefin composites

Hao, Wenshuai; Wang, Mingzheng; Zhou, Fengshan; Luo, Huize; Xie, Xin; Luo, Fa; Cha, Ruitao

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116466

Cited by 59 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…When the density is taken into account, the specific Young's modulus of the crystalline cellulose is significantly higher than that of glass fibers, aluminium and steel, as shown in Table 1. Over the past few years, a large number of review articles have been published in many aspects of nanocellulose, including nanocellulose production, characterization, modification and applications [5,21,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. However, the use of plant-derived nanocellulose in polymeric porous materials has not been addressed enough.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent development of plant-derived nanocellulose in polymer nanocomposite foams and multifunctional applications: A mini-review

Tanpichai¹

2022

Express Polym. Lett.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent development of plant-derived nanocellulose in polymer nanocomposite foams and multifunctional applications: A mini-review

Tanpichai¹

2022

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…The development of science in this field allows for increasingly novel applications of nanocellulose in biomedicine [12,13]. Based on chemical modifications [14] and the analysis of the morphology of a nanocellulose [15], it is possible to obtain nanofibers that have significantly improved mechanical [16] and thermal properties, with reduced density and improved biocompatibility composites [17]. Considering these advantages, nanocomposites are also widely used in many industries [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of Bio-Composites Based on Epoxy Resin and Nanocellulose Fibres

et al. 2021

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The aim of our research was to investigate the effect of a small nanocellulose (NC) addition on an improvement of the mechanical properties of epoxy composites. A procedure of chemical extraction from pressed lignin was used to obtain nanocellulose fibers. The presence of nanoparticles in the cellulose pulp was confirmed by FTIR/ATR spectra as well as measurement of nanocellulose particle size using a Zetasizer analyzer. Epoxy composites with NC contents from 0.5% to 1.5% w/w were prepared. The obtained composites were subjected to strength tests, such as impact strength (IS) and resistance to three-point bending with a determination of critical stress intensity factor (Kc). The impact strength of nanocellulose composites doubled in comparison to the unmodified epoxy resin (EP 0). Moreover, Kc was increased by approximately 50% and 70% for the 1.5 and 0.5% w/w NC, respectively. The maximum value of stress at break was achieved at 1% NC concentration in EP and it was 15% higher than that for unmodified epoxy resin. The highest value of destruction energy was characterized by the composition with 0.5% NC and corresponds to the increase of 102% in comparison with EP 0. Based on the analysis of the results it was noted that satisfactory improvement of the mechanical properties of the composite was achieved with a very small addition of nanofiller while other research indicates the need to add much more nanocellulose. It is also expected that this kind of use of raw materials will allow increasing the economic efficiency of the nanocomposite preparation process. Moreover, nanocomposites obtained in this way can be applied as elements of machines or as a modified epoxy matrix for sandwich composites, enabling production of the structure material with reduced weight but improved mechanical properties.

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“…Using various methods, e.g., mechanical methods, hydrolysis using acids or ionic liquids and enzymatic hydrolysis, it is possible to obtain from cellulose a biodegradable material with nanometric dimensions—nanocellulose [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Nanocellulose has very interesting properties, ranging from low weight and density, high shape factor [ 6 ], high biocompatibility to hydrophilicity and very good mechanical properties, e.g., high tensile strength, high stiffness and high modulus of elasticity, which is greater than that of Kevlar fibers [ 3 , 7 , 8 ]. Due to these features, interest in this material is constantly growing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Composites with a polymer matrix reinforced with lignocellulose additives are known [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ], as well as with a filler in the form of micrometric cellulose [ 14 , 56 , 57 , 58 ], although in recent years more and more attention has been focused on nanocellulose [ 9 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. Polymer composites containing nanometric particle filler can have very good strength characteristics [ 9 , 64 , 65 ], strong barriers to gases and water vapor [ 66 ] and transparency [ 67 ], which determine possible applications in the packaging, construction, automotive and medical industries [ 6 , 60 , 65 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Nanocellulose by Enzymatic Treatment for Application in Polymer Composites

et al. 2021

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In the last few years, the scientific community around the world has devoted a lot of attention to the search for the best methods of obtaining nanocellulose. In this work, nanocellulose was obtained in enzymatic reactions with strictly defined dispersion and structural parameters in order to use it as a filler for polymers. The controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of the polysaccharide was carried out in the presence of cellulolytic enzymes from microscopic fungi—Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus sp. It has been shown that the efficiency of bioconversion of cellulose material depends on the type of enzymes used. The use of a complex of cellulases obtained from a fungus of the genus Trichoderma turned out to be an effective method of obtaining cellulose of nanometric dimensions with a very low polydispersity. The effect of cellulose enzymatic reactions was assessed using the technique of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a refractometric detector, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In the second stage, polypropylene composites with nanometric cellulose were obtained by extrusion and injection. It was found by means of X-ray diffraction, hot stage optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry that nanocellulose had a significant effect on the supermolecular structure, nucleation activity and the course of phase transitions of the obtained polymer nanocomposites. Moreover, the obtained nanocomposites are characterized by very good strength properties. This paper describes for the first time that the obtained cellulose nanofillers with defined parameters can be used for the production of polymer composites with a strictly defined polymorphic structure, which in turn may influence future decision making about obtaining materials with controllable properties, e.g., high flexibility, enabling the thermoforming process of packaging.

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A review on nanocellulose as a lightweight filler of polyolefin composites

Cited by 59 publications

References 160 publications

Recent development of plant-derived nanocellulose in polymer nanocomposite foams and multifunctional applications: A mini-review

Recent development of plant-derived nanocellulose in polymer nanocomposite foams and multifunctional applications: A mini-review

Mechanical Properties of Bio-Composites Based on Epoxy Resin and Nanocellulose Fibres

Production of Nanocellulose by Enzymatic Treatment for Application in Polymer Composites

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