A Review on Nano Ti-Based Oxides for Dark and Photocatalysis: From Photoinduced Processes to Bioimplant Applications

Abstract

Catalysis on TiO2 nanomaterials in the presence of H2O and oxygen plays a crucial role in the advancement of many different fields, such as clean energy technologies, catalysis, disinfection, and bioimplants. Photocatalysis on TiO2 nanomaterials is well-established and has advanced in the last decades in terms of the understanding of its underlying principles and improvement of its efficiency. Meanwhile, the increasing complexity of modern scientific challenges in disinfection and bioimplants requires a profound mechanistic understanding of both residual and dark catalysis. Here, an overview of the progress made in TiO2 catalysis is given both in the presence and absence of light. It begins with the mechanisms involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) in TiO2 photocatalysis. This is followed by improvements in their photocatalytic efficiency due to their nanomorphology and states by enhancing charge separation and increasing light harvesting. A subsection on black TiO2 nanomaterials and their interesting properties and physics is also included. Progress in residual catalysis and dark catalysis on TiO2 are then presented. Safety, microbicidal effect, and studies on Ti-oxides for bioimplants are also presented. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives in light of disinfection and bioimplant application are given.

Improved All‐solid‐state Z‐scheme Photocatalytic System Based on TiO2/Ag−Pd/CdZnS

“…[31] Generally, the O1s spectra display three peaks at ~530-531, ~532, and ~535 eV, which correspond to the oxygen in TiÀ O bonds in TiO 2 , surface oxygen species, as well as associated water molecules. [34] In our study, the O1s revealed two peaks: one representing lattice oxygen from TiO 2 and the other from surface oxygen. Notably, we didn't detect surface associate water molecule peak (Figure 1S).…”

“…Oxygen is present in two chemical environments in all samples, with peaks at ~529.7±0.1 and 531.2±0.1 eV corresponding to TiO 2 lattice and surface oxygen, respectively [31] . Generally, the O1s spectra display three peaks at ~530‐531, ~532, and ~535 eV, which correspond to the oxygen in Ti−O bonds in TiO 2 , surface oxygen species, as well as associated water molecules [34] . In our study, the O1s revealed two peaks: one representing lattice oxygen from TiO 2 and the other from surface oxygen.…”

Surface Defect Engineered Nano‐Cu/TiO2 Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production

“…[ 3,8 ] Furthermore, large specific surface area, high crystallinity and anatase phase are known to increase photocatalytic activity. Intense investigations are still ongoing on different aspects of photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 , which can be exploited to improve its performances, including doping and co‐doping, [ 9 ] nanostructuring, [ 10 ] defect engineering, [ 11,12 ] reactor configuration, [ 13 ] heterostructuring, [ 14 ] among the others.…”

Electrochemical Surface Nanostructuring of Ti47Cu38Fe2.5Zr7.5Sn2Si1Ag2 Metallic Glass for Improved Pitting Corrosion Resistance

“…The roughness, topography, surface energy, and chemistry of the metal surface can be used to control the processes at the implant-tissue interface. [36][37][38][39] Conversely, established surface treatments for Ti-based biomaterials are mostly not applicable to the BMG class. Initial studies have proposed chemical surface processing methods for Ti-Cu-based BMGs.…”