A Review on Multiphase Underwater Jets and Plumes: Droplets, Hydrodynamics, and Chemistry

Boufadel, Michel C.; Socolofsky, Scott A.; Katz, Joseph; Yang, Di; Daskiran, Cosan; Dewar, William K.

doi:10.1029/2020rg000703

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 204 publications

(392 reference statements)

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“…Above the primary bubble and droplet breakup zone, a buoyant plume of gas, oil, and entrained water forms and rises through the density-stratified ocean water column (Socolofsky et al, 2016;Boufadel et al, 2020). Depending on the water depth and stratification, the plume may pass through a level of neutral buoyancy, be arrested in its vertical ascent, and form a lateral intrusion layer (Socolofsky et al 2011).…”

Section: Near-field Processes: Plume Formation and Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two main classes of models have been applied to the evolution of the near-field oil and gas plume (Socolofsky et al, 2016;Boufadel et al, 2020). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models based on the LES approach were developed to simulate the complex, unsteady interaction of the oil and gas with the surrounding seawater explicitly and in detail.…”

Section: Near-field Processes: Plume Formation and Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical Transport Processes that Affect the Distribution of Oil in the Gulf of Mexico: Observations and Modeling

Boufadel¹,

Bracco

Chassignet³

et al. 2021

Oceanog

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Physical transport processes such as the circulation and mixing of waters largely determine the spatial distribution of materials in the ocean. They also establish the physical environment within which biogeochemical and other processes transform materials, including naturally occurring nutrients and human-made contaminants that may sustain or harm the region’s living resources. Thus, understanding and modeling the transport and distribution of materials provides a crucial substrate for determining the effects of biological, geological, and chemical processes. The wide range of scales in which these physical processes operate includes microscale droplets and bubbles; small-scale turbulence in buoyant plumes and the near-surface “mixed” layer; submesoscale fronts, convergent and divergent flows, and small eddies; larger mesoscale quasi-geostrophic eddies; and the overall large-scale circulation of the Gulf of Mexico and its interaction with the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea; along with air-sea interaction on longer timescales. The circulation and mixing processes that operate near the Gulf of Mexico coasts, where most human activities occur, are strongly affected by wind- and river-induced currents and are further modified by the area’s complex topography. Gulf of Mexico physical processes are also characterized by strong linkages between coastal/shelf and deeper offshore waters that determine connectivity to the basin’s interior. This physical connectivity influences the transport of materials among different coastal areas within the Gulf of Mexico and can extend to adjacent basins. Major advances enabled by the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative in the observation, understanding, and modeling of all of these aspects of the Gulf’s physical environment are summarized in this article, and key priorities for future work are also identified.

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Section: Near-field Processes: Plume Formation and Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Near-field Processes: Plume Formation and Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Transport Processes that Affect the Distribution of Oil in the Gulf of Mexico: Observations and Modeling

Boufadel¹,

Bracco

Chassignet³

et al. 2021

Oceanog

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“…The terms S b,i and S c,i are the breakage and coalescence terms of the droplets with diameter d i . The coalescence was considered to be negligible due to the small volume fraction of the dispersed oil phase beyond 10 diameters from the release (Boufadel et al 2020). This was also adopted by Aiyer et al (2019) who coupled a PBM to LES.…”

Section: Advection-diffusion Equations -Droplet Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large droplets mostly rise faster in the water column due to their higher buoyancy to drag ratio (Zhao et al 2015), and the dissolution and biodegradation rate of oil droplets increases with decreasing droplet size due to larger interfacial area concentration of smaller droplets (Gros et al 2017;Socolofsky et al 2019). At the plume scale, the transport of oil plumes depends on the initial buoyancy flux at the release and the competing effects of density stratification of seawater and horizontal currents (crossflow) in the water column (Boufadel et al 2020). In this work, the crossflow speed is 0.51 m s −1 without stratification and the buoyancy flux has a value of 4 × 10 −3 m 4 s −3 (2.2a-d).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational and experimental study of an oil jet in crossflow: coupling population balance model with multifluid large eddy simulation

et al. 2021

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Understanding the size of oil droplets released from a jet in crossflow is crucial for estimating the trajectory of hydrocarbons and the rates of oil biodegradation/dissolution in the water column. We present experimental results of an oil jet with a jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio of 9.3. The oil was released from a vertical pipe 25 mm in diameter with a Reynolds number of 25 000. We measured the size of oil droplets near the top and bottom boundaries of the plume using shadowgraph cameras and we also filmed the whole plume. In parallel, we developed a multifluid large eddy simulation model to simulate the plume and coupled it with our VDROP population balance model to compute the local droplet size. We accounted for the slip velocity of oil droplets in the momentum equation and in the volume fraction equation of oil through the local, mass-weighted average droplet rise velocity. The top and bottom boundaries of the plume were captured well in the simulation. Larger droplets shaped the upper boundary of the plume, and the mean droplet size increased with elevation across the plume, most likely due to the individual rise velocity of droplets. At the same elevation across the plume, the droplet size was smaller at the centre axis as compared with the side boundaries of the plume due to the formation of the counter-rotating vortex pair, which induced upward velocity at the centre axis and downward velocity near the sides of the plume.

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“…Droplet-based microfluidic technology has many advantages in biomedicine, chemical analysis, material science and microreactions due to its capability to produce high surface-volume ratios in large quantities with low reagent use, rapid reaction, and independent control of each droplet [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Many studies have been carried out to develop efficient and stable methods for conventional single-phase and multiphase droplet formation and movements [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation and Dynamics of Janus Droplets in Shear-Thinning Fluid Flow in a Double Y-Type Microchannel

Bai

Zhang

et al. 2021

Micromachines

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Droplets composed of two different materials, or Janus droplets, have diverse applications, including microfluidic digital laboratory systems, DNA chips, and self-assembly systems. A three-dimensional computational study of Janus droplet formation in a double Y-type microfluidic device filled with a shear-thinning fluid is performed by using the multiphaseInterDyMFoam solver of the OpenFOAM, based on a finite-volume method. The bi-phase volume-of-fluid method is adopted to track the interface with an adaptive dynamic mesh refinement for moving interfaces. The formation of Janus droplets in the shear-thinning fluid is characterized in five different states of tubbing, jetting, intermediate, dripping and unstable dripping in a multiphase microsystem under various flow conditions. The formation mechanism of Janus droplets is understood by analyzing the influencing factors, including the flow rates of the continuous phase and of the dispersed phase, surface tension, and non-Newtonian rheological parameters. Studies have found that the formation of the Janus droplets and their sizes are related to the flow rate at the inlet under low capillary numbers. The rheological parameters of shear-thinning fluid have a significant impact on the size of Janus droplets and their formation mechanism. As the apparent viscosity increases, the frequency of Janus droplet formation increases, while the droplet volume decreases. Compared with Newtonian fluid, the Janus droplet is more readily generated in shear-thinning fluid due to the interlay of diminishing viscous force, surface tension, and pressure drop.

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A Review on Multiphase Underwater Jets and Plumes: Droplets, Hydrodynamics, and Chemistry

Cited by 29 publications

References 204 publications

Physical Transport Processes that Affect the Distribution of Oil in the Gulf of Mexico: Observations and Modeling

Physical Transport Processes that Affect the Distribution of Oil in the Gulf of Mexico: Observations and Modeling

Computational and experimental study of an oil jet in crossflow: coupling population balance model with multifluid large eddy simulation

Generation and Dynamics of Janus Droplets in Shear-Thinning Fluid Flow in a Double Y-Type Microchannel

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