Abstract:Next-generation access/mobile networks have set high standards in terms of providing wireless services at high data rates in order to keep up with the vast demands for other mobility and multiple services. Wireless-optical broadband access network (WOBAN) technology, also known as fibre-wireless (FiWi), has uncovered incredible opportunities for the future of next-generation networks because it gets the best of both domains: huge bandwidth provided by the optical fibre and high ubiquity of the wireless domain.… Show more
“…The idea of load balancing in a Cloud environment [18] can be described as the procedure of dividing workloads and various computing parameters associated with certain properties in order to manage the work or applications among computers, networks, or servers demanded by the enterprises [19]. Figure 1 shows the basic mechanism of load balancing.…”
Section: Research Questionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, the workload on the servers is also increasing rapidly, which has been overloading the web servers unavoidably. Load balancing [19] is important for maximizing the use of cloud resources, such as processors, memory, and disks, and for achieving the purpose of good machine performance with proper resource utilization.…”
Section: Research Questionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Multi-agent Genetic Algorithm: Anant Kumar Jayswal and Prem Chand Saxena [19] presented the idea for efficient load balancing by using multi-agent GA. The proposed algorithm takes the users' priority and the finishing time of the earliest job.…”
Cloud computing offers flexible, interactive, and observable access to shared resources on the Internet. It frees users from the requirements of managing computing on their hardware. It enables users to not only store their data and computing over the internet but also can access it whenever and wherever it is required. The frequent use of smart devices has helped cloud computing to realize the need for its rapid growth. As more users are adapting to the cloud environment, the focus has been placed on load balancing. Load balancing allocates tasks or resources to different devices. In cloud computing, and load balancing has played a major role in the efficient usage of resources for the highest performance. This requirement results in the development of algorithms that can optimally assign resources while managing load and improving quality of service (QoS). This paper provides a survey of load balancing algorithms inspired by swarm intelligence (SI). The algorithms considered in the discussion are Genetic Algorithm, BAT Algorithm, Ant Colony, Grey Wolf, Artificial Bee Colony, Particle Swarm, Whale, Social Spider, Dragonfly, and Raven roosting Optimization. An analysis of the main objectives, area of applications, and targeted issues of each algorithm (with advancements) is presented. In addition, performance analysis has been performed based on average response time, data center processing time, and other quality parameters.
“…The idea of load balancing in a Cloud environment [18] can be described as the procedure of dividing workloads and various computing parameters associated with certain properties in order to manage the work or applications among computers, networks, or servers demanded by the enterprises [19]. Figure 1 shows the basic mechanism of load balancing.…”
Section: Research Questionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, the workload on the servers is also increasing rapidly, which has been overloading the web servers unavoidably. Load balancing [19] is important for maximizing the use of cloud resources, such as processors, memory, and disks, and for achieving the purpose of good machine performance with proper resource utilization.…”
Section: Research Questionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Multi-agent Genetic Algorithm: Anant Kumar Jayswal and Prem Chand Saxena [19] presented the idea for efficient load balancing by using multi-agent GA. The proposed algorithm takes the users' priority and the finishing time of the earliest job.…”
Cloud computing offers flexible, interactive, and observable access to shared resources on the Internet. It frees users from the requirements of managing computing on their hardware. It enables users to not only store their data and computing over the internet but also can access it whenever and wherever it is required. The frequent use of smart devices has helped cloud computing to realize the need for its rapid growth. As more users are adapting to the cloud environment, the focus has been placed on load balancing. Load balancing allocates tasks or resources to different devices. In cloud computing, and load balancing has played a major role in the efficient usage of resources for the highest performance. This requirement results in the development of algorithms that can optimally assign resources while managing load and improving quality of service (QoS). This paper provides a survey of load balancing algorithms inspired by swarm intelligence (SI). The algorithms considered in the discussion are Genetic Algorithm, BAT Algorithm, Ant Colony, Grey Wolf, Artificial Bee Colony, Particle Swarm, Whale, Social Spider, Dragonfly, and Raven roosting Optimization. An analysis of the main objectives, area of applications, and targeted issues of each algorithm (with advancements) is presented. In addition, performance analysis has been performed based on average response time, data center processing time, and other quality parameters.
“…Secondly, hybrid networks arise when wireless and high-performance wired systems are mixed. For example, a fiber optic distribution core network and some local wireless subnetworks covering small areas [31][32][33]. These fiber-wireless broadband access networks pursue an optimized and energy-efficient development of MAC and network layer protocols.…”
With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), Low Data Rate-Personal Area Networks (LR-WPAN) have been deployed for different applications. Now comes the need to integrate these networks in search of greater connectivity, performances, and geographic coverage. This integration is facilitated by the recent deployment of low power wide area networks (LPWAN) in the licensed bands, especially narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) and long-term evolution for machine-type communications (LTE-M), which are standardized technologies that will continue evolving as part of the fifth generation (5G) specifications. This paper proposes a design methodology for combined networks using LR-WPAN and LPWAN technologies. These networks are combined at the device level using a cluster-tree topology. An example is shown here, where an existing IEEE 802.15.4 network is combined with NB-IoT. To this end, new dual nodes are incorporated, acting as cluster heads. The paper discusses the different aspects of formation and operation of the combined network. A dynamic link selection (DLS) algorithm is also proposed, based on which cluster headers dynamically determine the preferred link, depending on link quality and type of traffic. Extensive simulations show that the DLS algorithm significantly increases battery life on dual nodes, which are the nodes with the highest power demands.
“…If tourism marketing has become a necessity necessitated by the competitive nature of the markets in which tourism enterprises operate, confrontation as the intense competition invited the tourism institutions to seriously think about how they could be challenges posed by that competition, and the dynamism of needs and desires for the tourism service helped the development of modern trends in tourism establishments, which contributed to strengthening the concept of marketing in the performance and presentation (Laws,2002, Elmagzoub et al 2020.…”
This study concluded that tourism marketing is one of the main factors for the advancement of this sector. Its importance stems from the role it plays in transforming tourism into an arena for competition among all countries of the world, as each country tries to highlight its tourism components in order to acquire the largest possible share of the exporting markets for tourists, And that is by creating a positive image and implanting it in the minds of tourists, based on various marketing policies. This is what was confirmed by the findings, as we find that the tourism sector in Erbil, specifically in the Shaqlawa district, and despite the available tourism resources and attractions for tourists, is still far from the ranks of Arab and international tourism competitiveness, and this was evident through the late ranks it occupied In the index of global competitiveness for tourism and travel for the year 2021, in addition to comparing the reality of tourism in both Iran and Turkey, and the result was the absence of a tourism development plan that reflects the tourism potential in the country, and actually adopts the application of the rules and foundations of tourism marketing. Tourism development does not depend only on the availability of tourism resources and tourist attractions, but on how to use and exploit those resources in the tourism development process.
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