A review on Microgrid protection

Choudhary, Niraj Kumar; Mohanty, Soumya R.; Singh, Ravindra Kumar

doi:10.1109/ieecon.2014.6925919

Cited by 30 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The major problem when integrating distributed generators into the distribution power grid is that the distribution systems are designed as radial networks, delivering the power in a unidirectional way: from substations to consumers [88]. The coordinated operation of circuit breakers with overcurrent relays, re-closers, and fuses to protect this unidirectional radial power grid from both temporary and permanent faults has been well-established [89]. However, with a high penetration of distributed generators, new multi-source networks become active and are no longer radial, and the conventional protection is unsuitable for a high penetration level of distributed generators.…”

Section: A Protection Issues In Dpgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Power-Generation Systems and Protection

et al. 2017

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Distributed power-generation systems (DPGS) contribute significantly to the power generation in modern power systems. Wind and solar photovoltaics (PVs), as representative renewable energy sources, are two major resources for DPGSs. However, owing to their inherent characteristics, the large-scale adoption of DPGSs poses challenges. To resolve these issues and leverage renewable-energy DPGSs, this paper presents DPGS technologies based on wind and solar PVs, as well as their impacts on the distributed grid. Moreover, schemes for enhancing the integration and connection of DPGSs are introduced, and protection issues are discussed in order to increase the robustness of the connection.ABSTRACT | Continuously expanding deployments of distributed power-generation systems (DPGSs) are transforming the conventional centralized power grid into a mixed distributed electrical network. The modern power grid requires flexible energy utilization but presents challenges in the case of a high penetration degree of renewable energy, among which wind and solar photovoltaics are typical sources. The integration level of the DPGS into the grid plays a critical role in developing sustainable and resilient power systems, especially with highly intermittent renewable energy resources. To address the challenging issues and, more importantly, to leverage the energy generation, stringent demands from both utility operators and consumers have been imposed on the DPGS. Furthermore, as the core of energy conversion, numerous power electronic converters employing advanced control techniques have been developed for the DPGS to consolidate the integration. In light of the above, this paper reviews the power-conversion and control technologies used for DPGSs. The impacts of the DPGS on the distributed grid are also examined, and more importantly, strategies for enhancing the connection and protection of the DPGS are discussed.

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Section: A Protection Issues In Dpgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Power-Generation Systems and Protection

et al. 2017

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“…With the development of microgrid and the smart grid concept, the conventional distribution system design is transformed from passive to active systems by making the control and protection system architecture more complex in nature. This kind of change has affected the overcurrent‐based protection strategy in such a way that they fail to protect the new architecture with the same degree of reliability and security …”

Section: Challenges Towards the Protection Of Microgridmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This kind of change has affected the overcurrent-based protection strategy in such a way that they fail to protect the new architecture with the same degree of reliability and security. 15 Further, the systems with inverter-based DG sources contribute to finite fault current in a microgrid, because the thermal capacity of protective devices is comparatively low. Because of that, in the isolated mode of operation, the protective devices may not be activated at all or may work very slowly for any fault condition because there is a large difference of SCC level in comparison with the grid-connected modes of operation.…”

Section: Challenges In Ac Microgrid Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed generation hybrid AC/DC microgrid protection: A critical review on issues, strategies, and future directions

2020

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Summary The integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) with conventional systems emerges as an intelligent solution for providing uninterrupted and secure power even at times of high load demand. Better load management with a mature fault handling mechanism makes AC a viable option which has an efficiency of 78.24%. In contrast with less power loss and slightly better efficiency of 84.6%, DC microgrid is a reliable option in a low power environment. In order to accommodate all operating conditions and load types, a hybrid system can be designed with a theoretical efficiency of more than 90%. Bidirectional power flows, low inertia, the transition between different modes of operations are the challenges for the protection of alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) microgrid systems. Power balance fluctuation, absence of zero‐crossing currents, selection of suitable grounding, and coordination between different rating devices restrict the hybrid system to achieve the said efficiency constantly. This paper reviews in detail of existing protection along with grid‐connected algorithms for both modes of operation. Finally, the limitation, major hurdles, and future course of action for a reliable, efficient, and secure hybrid grid system are figured out.

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“…The bidirectional flow of fault currents makes the protection coordination complex, as fault current fluctuates with the integration of Distribution Generations. Conventional overcurrent protection is considered for radial distribution systems with unidirectional fault current flow and they are no more suitable for stand-alone mode [17].…”

Section: Bidirectional Power Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Microgrid Protection Using Superconducting Fault Current Limiter

Reddy

Manimozhi

2018

JGE

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A cluster of distributed generation (DG) is a Microgrid (MG) and load which acts as a heavy load or source in the context of actual grid. The sudden gust in the microgrid causes rise in fault current which surpasses the shortcircuit limit of network equipment by microgrid connection and also the increase in penetration of DG into the grid, the fault current level is also increased simultaneously. In order to overcome this problem, fault current limiter (FCL) could be arranged between the main network and microgrid. There are different types of FCLs, which have various designs and are made of various superconducting materials. Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) is revolutionary protective device which has the ability to lower the fault current level within the fault current first cycle. The application of the SFCL would not only reduce the burden on network devices, but also offers connection for the betterment of the power system reliability. SFCL's are broadly classified into three types: inductive, resistive and hybrid SFCL. In this paper, general characteristics of FCLs, the operating characteristics, current limiting capabilities of SFCL are introduced into a simplified microgrid model system which is finally allowed that SFCL could reasonably bring about the function of microgrid stability improvement and fault current suppression.

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A review on Microgrid protection

Cited by 30 publications

References 21 publications

Distributed Power-Generation Systems and Protection

Distributed Power-Generation Systems and Protection

Distributed generation hybrid AC/DC microgrid protection: A critical review on issues, strategies, and future directions

A Review on Microgrid Protection Using Superconducting Fault Current Limiter

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