A review on microalgae cultivation and harvesting, and their biomass extraction processing using ionic liquids

Abstract

The richness of high-value bio-compounds derived from microalgae has made microalgae a promising and sustainable source of useful product. The present work starts with a review on the usage of open pond and photobioreactor in culturing various microalgae strains, followed by an in-depth evaluation on the common harvesting techniques used to collect microalgae from culture medium. The harvesting methods discussed include filtration, centrifugation, flocculation, and flotation. Additionally, the advanced extraction technologies using ionic liquids as extractive solvents applied to extract high-value bio-compounds such as lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and other bioactive compounds from microalgae biomass are summarized and discussed. However, more work needs to be done to fully utilize the potential of microalgae biomass for the application in large-scale production of biofuels, food additives, and nutritive supplements.

Permeation of AuCl4− Across a Liquid Membrane Impregnated with A324H+Cl− Ionic Liquid

“…From the types of organic extractants, ionic liquids constitute a subcategory also of current interest, due to the special characteristics that these reagents present, which somewhat allows them to be referred to as green solvents. These ionic liquids are used in different fields [9][10][11][12] including the removal of metals from aqueous solutions [13][14][15][16].…”

Permeation of AuCl₄^- across a Liquid Membrane Impregnated with A324H⁺Cl^- Ionic Liquid

“…4). D D (11) and Dm,b being as 4.8x10 -6 cm 2 /s. It can be seen that the value of Dm is lower than the value of Dm,b, which is attributed to the diffusional resistance caused by the microporous thin support separating the feed and receiving phases.…”

“…From the types of organic extractants, ionic liquids constituted as themselves a subcategory, of also current interest, due to the special characteristics that these reagents presented, which somewhat allowed to refer to them as green solvents. These ionic liquids are using in different fields [9][10][11][12], including the removal of metals from aqueous solutions [13][14][15][16].…”

Isolation of Industrial Important Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae

“…In some cases, combinations of two or more techniques are used to increase effectiveness. The harvesting method selection depends on several criteria of the microalgae such as the density, size and the desired final products [ 11 ].…”