Abstract:Nowadays, there are increasing demand on micro-systems, micro products/components and micro-devices. Thus, the role of micro manufacturing in all aspects of modern industry is taken for granted. Then, typical processes in micro manufacturing are discussed. Furthermore, one of the most widespread micro-manufacturing processes in deforming processes is micro forming that is presented in this paper. Finally, besides continuing effort in developing micro forming, this paper strives to analyze systematically the ke… Show more
“…The discovery of tantalum [15]- [17] is often credited to the discovery of the mineral by the Swedish chemist Anders Gustav Eckenberg in 1802 in the mines of Iterby, Sweden. Furthermore, many authors believe that he has only discovered the allotrope of niobium, which is chemically similar to tantalum [5], [14], [18]. It wasn't until 1866 that Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac proved that tantalum and niobium were two different elements.…”
Tantalum RO5200 (TaRO5200) is an excellent and new emerging Bio-material with wide applications. The most important property of TaRO5200 is Osseointegration which helps in integration of direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface. The process of forming in at actual is a plastic deformation where in the material is transforming in permanently is some shape without occurrence of any type of defect of failure. Few different types of failure enlisted are local necking, wrinkling, earing etc. In recent days transforming from macro level to micro level is now trending part of life. The most difficult part in moving towards micro level forming which means forming sheets under 100 microns thickness, is control over process. Hence this gives significance and rise for the investigations over forming at micro level and prediction of mechanical and formability properties at micro level. This research work posited in this paper focusses on the plotting of Forming limit curve (FLC) which is one of the methods to investigate formability of ultra-thin foil of TaRO5200 with sheet thickness 80 microns (μm). The experiments performed for FLC plotting were based on the Nakkajima test following the ASTM 2218-14 standards. The FLCs are plotted experimentally and via numerical simulation as well which in comparison shows a good agreement. The variance obtained between experimental and numerical simulation is up to 15%. Which in another words can be stated as numerical simulation is 15% safer in design than the experimental work. The novelty of the work lies in testing of the bio material and defining FLC by performing experiments via newly designed tool for the specific sheet thickness of 80 μm following the ASTM standards. Microstructural study is also performed on the specimen prior and after forming test to analyse and understand the physics along with mechanism of the material in test. The material behaviour is also explained in the microstructural study section.
“…The discovery of tantalum [15]- [17] is often credited to the discovery of the mineral by the Swedish chemist Anders Gustav Eckenberg in 1802 in the mines of Iterby, Sweden. Furthermore, many authors believe that he has only discovered the allotrope of niobium, which is chemically similar to tantalum [5], [14], [18]. It wasn't until 1866 that Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac proved that tantalum and niobium were two different elements.…”
Tantalum RO5200 (TaRO5200) is an excellent and new emerging Bio-material with wide applications. The most important property of TaRO5200 is Osseointegration which helps in integration of direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface. The process of forming in at actual is a plastic deformation where in the material is transforming in permanently is some shape without occurrence of any type of defect of failure. Few different types of failure enlisted are local necking, wrinkling, earing etc. In recent days transforming from macro level to micro level is now trending part of life. The most difficult part in moving towards micro level forming which means forming sheets under 100 microns thickness, is control over process. Hence this gives significance and rise for the investigations over forming at micro level and prediction of mechanical and formability properties at micro level. This research work posited in this paper focusses on the plotting of Forming limit curve (FLC) which is one of the methods to investigate formability of ultra-thin foil of TaRO5200 with sheet thickness 80 microns (μm). The experiments performed for FLC plotting were based on the Nakkajima test following the ASTM 2218-14 standards. The FLCs are plotted experimentally and via numerical simulation as well which in comparison shows a good agreement. The variance obtained between experimental and numerical simulation is up to 15%. Which in another words can be stated as numerical simulation is 15% safer in design than the experimental work. The novelty of the work lies in testing of the bio material and defining FLC by performing experiments via newly designed tool for the specific sheet thickness of 80 μm following the ASTM standards. Microstructural study is also performed on the specimen prior and after forming test to analyse and understand the physics along with mechanism of the material in test. The material behaviour is also explained in the microstructural study section.
“…Micro forming is one of the frequently used micro-manufacturing methods in deforming processes. This study aims to analyze the key methods of stamping, forging, bending, and deep drawing processes, as well as their major challenges, in addition to continuing to improve micro forming [19]. By miniaturizing or downscaling, conventional and non-traditional techniques have been commonly used to produce microproducts.…”
In terms of manufacturing methods/processes, micro-manufacturing has received a lot of attention around the world. Micro-forming is one of the most widely used micro-manufacturing techniques. The micro forming is based on the properties of materials based on the process of shaping parts and object by mechanical deformation. Many efforts had been focused on micro-forming, in particular the deep drawing process, because of the method's ability to produce an extensive variety of products, particularly in its conventional macro-process. This method is used to create the majority of everyday items. Although efforts were made to develop micro-forming for industrial use, the technique was deemed to be insufficiently advanced. Much development effort was required, in particular, to design a completely computerized high-extent production micro-forming machine that is dependable and ready to perform always in terms of procedures, material handling, and tooling to assure effective micro-product production. Micro forming, which is discussed in this work, is also one of the often-used micro-forming methods in deforming procedures. Finally, in addition to continuing to improve micro forming, this study aims to investigate the essential methods of the Limit dome height test, Nakajima test, M K Model test, and deep drawing processes and their major concerns in a systematic manner.
“…The ability to produce products with feature sizes of less than 100μm is the most significant advantage of micro-manufacturing. The small metal parts and miniature-parts forming have been analyzed for a longer period but due to a decrement in size to hundreds of microns, the precision has been comparatively reduced to less than a few microns [14]. Therefore, the forming of the micro dimension is requiring day-to-day evaluation.…”
A Micro forming was primarily developed in order to view the usage and significance of micro metal forming technology. It is implemented for the manufacturing and production of micro metallic devices like micro pump, micro gears (Polyoxymethylene polymer), Biodegradable implants (Polylactic acid) etc. The die assembly is provided with a DLC (Diamond like coating) coating during work study to resolved small size dimensional accuracy issue and enhanced tribological properties. Various High Energy Metal Forming processes (HERF) is discussed like ultrasonic vibration, explosive forming, magnetic forming, electro hydraulic forming, ultrasonic vibration and heating process for enhancement in formability and accuracy to the product of micro scale dimension. The detailed review of Micro forming and its applications in various fields that utilized the various high energy processes is discussed in this paper. Keywords: Biodegradable, Tribological Properties, HERF (High Energy Rate forming), Formability.
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