A review on metal-organic framework: Synthesis, properties and ap-plication

Abstract

Metal organic framework is a class of hybrid network of supramolecular solid materials comprised of a large number of inorganic and organic linkers all bounded to metal ions in a well-organized fashion. This type of compounds possess a greater surface area with an advantage of changing pore sizes, diversified and beautiful structure which withdrew an intense interest in this field. In the present review articles, the structural aspects, classification, methods of synthesis, various factors affecting the synthesis and stability, properties and applications have been discussed. Recent advances in the field and new directions to explore the future scope and applications of MOFs have been incorporated in this article to provide current status of the field.

Review on Metal–Organic Framework Classification, Synthetic Approaches, and Influencing Factors: Applications in Energy, Drug Delivery, and Wastewater Treatment

“…Mechanochemistry concentrates on responses between solids usually for the most part started just using mechanical energy. A combination of a metal salt and an organic ligand is ground in a ball mill or with a mortar and pestle in the absence of solvent; then, the ground mixture is heated mildly to evaporate other volatile compounds and H 2 O, which formed as a byproduct in the reaction mixture . The mechanochemical approach for the preparation of MOFs is an easier method than the other methods (Scheme ).…”

“…The temperature of the reaction mixture is affected by the nucleation and crystal growth rates. On varying the reaction temperature, the morphology of the MOF is significantly changed, which allows one to use them for different applications. , To support this, monoclinic and triclinic morphological Tm–succinate MOFs have been successfully synthesized at diverse temperatures using the same empirical formula . Bernini and co-workers investigated the thermal stability of Ho–succinate MOFs prepared via the hydrothermal approach at higher temperature and at room temperature, illustrating that a Ho–succinate MOF prepared via the hydrothermal approach is more thermally stable than a Ho–succinate MOF prepared at room temperature …”

“…During the last couple of decades, different preparation schemes have evolved and been applied to prepare MOFs. These are classified as conventional solvothermal methods, unconventional methods, and alternative methods …”

“…The MOF preparation process was affected by the reaction medium due to the solubility, solvent polarity, and protolysis behavior of the organic ligand. The different solvents in the same reaction conditions provide different morphologies . Banerjee and co-workers reported MOFs containing magnesium and PDC having various crystal structures prepared under the same conditions using different solvents (DMF, H 2 O, EtOH, and MeOH) (Figure ).…”

“…Although the conventional hydro/solvothermal synthesis method was adequately used in MOF synthesis, unconventional and new methods like electrochemical, mechanochemical, sonochemical, microwave-assisted, etc., methods are just materializing in this extent . These are crystalline porous materials in which the metal is fixed in place to fabricate a porous and rigid geometry and uses various bridging ligands . Alternative methods lead to the MOFs having various properties.…”